...]. Solar thermochemical fuel production processes utilize concentrated solar energy as a high-quality heat source to drive endothermic H 2 O (or CO 2 ) splitting chemical reactions [ 1 , 2 ] that produce precursors to sustainable fuels such as H 2 and syngas [ 2 , 3 ]. Typically, these processes...

... = vapor compression system c = cold f = fuel h = hot i = inner k = k th component l = liquid n = lifetime o = otter p = product s = solar u = useful v = vapor w = wall C = cooling D = exergy destruction...

... (PV)/diesel power system consisting of photovoltaic panels, a diesel generator, a converter, and a battery bank. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of the key system parameters such as the average load, the diesel fuel price, and the reliability constraints on the system...

... 02 2020 13 02 2020 11 03 2020 artificial roughness heat transfer solar air heater roughness height temperature thermal efficiency absorber clean energy collector cooling drying efficiency energy environment fluid flow fuel heating mass transfer materials...

... Sattler, Nathan Siegel, Ellen Stechel 11 09 2018 22 11 2018 laser heating Raman spectroscopy ceria solar thermochemical fuel Solar energy is regarded as a promising source of renewable energy but must be converted and stored to be used on demand. There are various...

... and that the Mohr–Coulomb static factor of safety is above two everywhere in the tubes, indicating that thermo-mechanical stresses in the tubes remain acceptably low. Chemistry Fuel Heat transfer Solar reactor Solar thermochemical redox cycling of metal oxides utilizes the reducing power...

.../kg to the price of solar syngas—a 53% and 69% increase for the 100 MW th and 500 MW th plants, respectively (assuming $0.01/l of H 2 O). Thus, as with any carbon based fuel, the effect of a significant carbon tax on the cost of solar syngas is impressive. Of course, in the scenario of a carbon tax...

... membrane (PEM) fuel cells with solar collectors to generate the required heat for the steam reforming. The synergies of these technologies lead to a highly efficient system with significantly larger power densities compared to conventional systems and generate tremendous advantages in terms of installation...

... commercial plant. Zinc can be used as a fuel for zinc-air batteries and fuel cells, or it can be reacted with water to form high-purity hydrogen. In either case, the chemical product is ZnO, which in turn is solar recycled to zinc. The proposed thermochemical process provides an energy efficient route...

...S. Kräupl; U. Frommherz; C. Wieckert Solar energy can be stored chemically by using concentrated solar irradiation as an energy source for carbothermic ZnO reduction. The produced Zn might be used for the production of electricity in Zn-air fuel cells or of H 2 by splitting water. In either case...

...Michael Stavy This paper discusses the four points in the Kreith and Isler August, 2002 Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Discussion Note, “Comments Dealing with Fuel Cell Energy Policy and Renewable Energy”. The paper compares the carbon emissions (gm-CO 2 /mi) of the current US passenger...

...C. Sugarmen; A. Rotstein; U. Fisher; J. Sinai Solar energy can be utilized to drive chemical processes to produce syngas, a hydrogen rich fuel that can be used for power generation. ORMAT took part in the Solasys project in which syngas was produced by a reforming process driven by solar energy...

... for fueling stations was examined for its technical and economic feasibility. Integrated energy and material balance calculations were made to determine the amount of hydrogen that could be produced from a given reactor size and heliostat field area. Hourly solar data were applied to the model to properly...

...Abraham Kribus Thermal Integral Micro-Generation (TIMGen) systems on the scale of a few Watts are proposed for use with solar or fuel-derived heat. The optics, the thermal receiver, and several alternative generation technologies, including MEMS heat engines (Stirling and Brayton cycles), thermal...

...Rainer Tamme; Reiner Buck; Michael Epstein; Uriyel Fisher; Chemi Sugarmen This paper presents a novel process comprising solar upgrading of hydrocarbons by steam reforming in solar specific receiver-reactors and utilizing the upgraded, hydrogen-rich fuel in high efficiency conversion systems...

... conditions was established by using a pulsed-feed of methane to carry out the particles of ZnO. Using this technique, nearly stoichiometric operation was demonstrated with a prototype reactor in a high-flux solar furnace, thereby opening up a means for efficient conversion of sunlight into chemical fuels...

...Edward A. Fletcher, Professor Emeritus [S0199-6231(00)00401-9] solar power socio-economic effects energy resources solar heating fuel sunlight Americans need to know more about what solar energy can do, how its exploitation can affect our national well-being, and why it is essential...