Abstract

Integrated operations (IO) is an ongoing change process in the oil and gas industry. New technological opportunities enable working in new ways that involve an integration of onshore and offshore personnel. This paper analyzes the results of two rounds of data gathering in an onshore drilling support center, in terms of the development of resilience. The first round took place in 2004/2005 and the second in 2012. This study presents a framework for the analysis of resilience and has used the case company as a mean of testing the framework. Our findings indicate that the support center has taken a huge step in the direction of becoming more resilient. The drilling company has tested a number of designs and sizes of support centers, each of which has different pros and cons. For the drilling discipline to develop resilience, it is essential that the number of rigs supported by a center is not too large, as they must not become involved in too many rigs and drilling operations. Our findings also indicate that the suggested framework provides a good overall picture of the development of resilience in the case company.

References

1.
Perrow
,
C.
,
1984
,
Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies
,
Basic Books
,
New York
.
2.
Steiro
,
T. J.
,
Thevik
,
A.
, and
Albrechtsen
,
E.
,
2017
, “
On Formal and Informal Factors: Enabling Learning for Safe Offshore Drilling Operations
,”
Int. J. Manage., Knowl. Learn.
,
6
(
2
), pp.
193
214
.https://www.issbs.si/press/ISSN/2232-5697/6_193-214.pdf
3.
Milch
,
V.
, and
Laumann
,
K.
,
2016
, “
Interorganizational Complexity and Organizational Accident Risk: A Literature Review
,”
Saf. Sci.
,
82
, pp.
9
17
.10.1016/j.ssci.2015.08.010
4.
Dekker
,
S.
,
2011
,
Drift Into Failure: From Hunting Broken Components to Understanding Complex Systems
,
Ashgate Publishing Company
,
Farnham, UK
.
5.
Milch
,
V.
, and
Laumann
,
K.
,
2018
, “
The Influence of Interorganizational Factors on Offshore Incidents in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry: Challenges and Future Directions
,”
Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf.
,
181
, pp.
84
96
.10.1016/j.ress.2018.09.002
6.
Ose
,
G. O.
, and
Steiro
,
T. J.
,
2013
, “
Introducing IO in a Drilling Company; Towards a Resilient Organization and Informed Decision-Making
?,”
Integrated Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry: Sustainability and Capability Development
,
H. T.
Rosendahl
, and
V.
Hepsø, eds.
,
IGI Global
,
Hersey, PA
.
7.
Ose
,
G. O.
, and
Steiro
,
T. J.
,
2012
, “
Building a Capability Platform for Safety During Change
,”
Proceedings of the 43rd ESReDA Seminar
, Rouen, France, pp.
252
264
.https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:33f3ffc7-af5a-4162-b042-dbae2c9b8e77.0001.01/DOC_1&format=PDF
8.
Edwards
,
T.
,
Mydland
,
Ø.
, and
Henriquez
,
A.
,
2010
, “
The Art of Intelligent Energy (iE)- Insights and Lessons Learned From the Application of IE
,” SPE Intelligent Conference and Exhibition, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Mar. 23–25, Paper No. SPE
128669
.10.2118/128669-MS
9.
Skjerve
,
A. B.
, and
Basio
,
R.
,
2012
, “
Integrated Operations (IO) Team—Delineating the Characteristics of IO Teams
,” Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway, FE/HR/F–2012/001.
10.
LaPorte
,
T. R.
, and
Consolini
,
P.
,
1991
, “
Working in Theory but Not in Practice: Theoretical Challenges in High Reliability Organizations
,”
J. Public Admin. Res. Theory.
,
1
(
1
), pp.
19
47
.
11.
Weick
,
K. E.
,
1987
, “
Organization Culture as a Source of High Reliability
,”
California Manage. Rev.
,
29
(
2
), pp.
112
136
.10.2307/41165243
12.
Leveson
,
N. A.
,
2004
, “
A New Accident Model for Engineering Safer Systems
,”
Saf. Sci.
,
42
(
4
), p.
237
.10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00047-X
13.
Weick
,
K. E.
, and
Sutcliffe
,
K. M.
,
2007
,
Managing the Unexpected: Resilient Performance in Age of Uncertainty
,
Jossey-Bass
,
San Francisco, CA
.
14.
Weick
,
K. E.
,
2001
, “
Leadership as the Legitimization of Doubt
,”
The Future of Leadership: Today's Top Leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders
,
W.
Bennis
,
G. M.
Spreitzer
, and
T. G.
Cummings
, eds.,
Jossey-Bass
,
San Francisco, CA
, pp.
91
102
.
15.
Hollnagel
,
E.
,
Pariès
,
J.
,
Woods
,
D.
, and
Wreathall
,
J.
, eds.,
2011
,
Resilience Engineering in Practice—A Guidebook
,
Ashgate Publishing Limited
,
London
.
16.
Hollnagel
,
E.
,
Woods
,
D. D.
, and
Leveson
,
N.
,
2006
,
Resilience Engineering. Concepts and Precepts
,
Ashgate Publishing Limited
,
London
.
17.
Wenger
,
E. C.
,
McDermott
,
R.
, and
Snyder
,
M. W.
,
2002
,
Cultivating Communities of Practice
,
Harvard Business School Press
,
Boston, MA
.
18.
Wenger
,
E.
,
1998
, “
Communities of Practice: Learning as a Social System
,”
Syst. Thinker
,
9
(
5
), pp.
2
3
.
19.
Lave
,
J.
, and
Wenger
,
E.
,
1991
,
Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation
,
Cambridge University Press
,
Cambridge, MA
.
20.
Brown
,
J. S.
, and
Duguid
,
P.
,
1991
, “
Organizational Learning and Communities-of Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning and Innovation
,”
Org. Sci.
,
2
(
1
), pp.
40
57
.10.1287/orsc.2.1.40
21.
Rosness
,
R.
,
Haavik
,
T. K.
,
Steiro
,
T.
, and
Tinmannsvik
,
R. K.
,
2016
, “
Learning From Successful Operations–Opportunities, Challenges and a Paradox
,”
Policy Pract. Health Saf.
,
14
(
2
), pp.
99
114
.10.1080/14773996.2016.1255443
22.
Antonsen
,
S.
,
Skarholt
,
K.
, and
Ringstad
,
A. J.
,
2012
, “
The Role of Standardization in Safety Management—A Case Study of a Major Oil & Gas Company
,”
Saf. Sci.
,
50
(
10
), pp.
2001
2009
.10.1016/j.ssci.2011.11.001
23.
Henderson
,
J.
,
Hepsø
,
V.
, and
Mydland
,
Ø.
,
2013
, “
What Is a Capability Platform Approach to Integrated Operations? An Introduction to Key Concepts
,”
Integrated Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry: Sustainability and Capability Development
,
Rosendahl
,
T.
and
Hepsø
,
V.
, eds.,
IGI Global
,
Hershey, PA
.
24.
Morgan
,
G.
,
1986
,
Images of Organizations
,
Sage
,
Beverly Hills, CA
.
25.
Bolman
,
L. G.
, and
Deal
,
T.
,
1989
,
Reframing Organizations. Artistry, Choice, and Leadership
,
Wiley
,
San Francisco, CA
.
26.
Rosness
,
R.
,
Guttormsen
,
G.
,
Steiro
,
T.
,
Tinmannsvik
,
R. K.
, and
Herrera
,
I. A.
,
2004
,
Organisational Accidents and Resilient Organisations: Five Perspectives
,
SINTEF Industrial Management
,
Trondheim, Norway
.
27.
Nicolini
,
D.
,
2009
, “
Zooming in and Out: Studying Practices by Switching Lenses and Trailing Connections
,”
Org. Stud.
,
30
(
12
), pp.
1391
1418
.10.1177/0170840609349875
28.
Kvale
,
S.
, and
Brinkmann
,
S.
,
2008
,
Inter Views: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing
,
Sage Publications
,
Thousand Oaks, CA
.
29.
Steen
,
R.
, and
Aven
,
T.
,
2011
, “
A Risk Perspective Suitable for Resilience Engineering
,”
Saf. Sci.
,
49
(
2
), pp.
292
297
.10.1016/j.ssci.2010.09.003
30.
Tveiten
,
C. K.
,
Albrechtsen
,
E.
,
Wærø
,
I.
, and
Wahl
,
A. M.
,
2012
, “
Building Resilience Into Emergency Management
,”
Saf. Sci.
,
50
(
10
), pp.
1960
1966
.10.1016/j.ssci.2012.03.001
31.
Albrechtsen
,
E.
, and
Weltzien
,
A.
,
2013
, “
IO Concepts as Contributing Factors to Major Accidents and Enablers for Resilience-Based Major Accident Prevention
?,”
Integrated Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry: Sustainability and Capability Development
,
H
.
T.
Rosendahl
, and
V.
Hepsø, eds.
,
IGI Global
, Hersey, PA.
32.
Hollnagel
,
E.
,
2011
, “
Epilogue: RAG—The Resilience Analysis Grid
,”
Resilience Engineering in Practice—A Guidebook
,
Hollnagel
,
E.
,
Pariès
,
J.
,
Woods
,
D.
, and
Wreathall
,
J.
, eds.,
Ashgate Publishing Limited
,
London
.
33.
Weick
,
K. E.
,
1993
, “
The Collapse of Sense Making in Organization: The Mann Gulch Disaster
,”
Admin. Sci. Q.
,
38
(
4
), pp.
628
652
.10.2307/2393339
34.
Lagadec
,
P.
,
1993
,
Preventing Chaos in a Crisis- Strategies for Prevention, Control and Damage Limitation
,
McGraw-Hill
,
New York
.
35.
Heath
,
C. C.
, and
Luff
,
P. K.
,
1996
, “
Convergent Activities: Collaborative Work and Multimedia Technology in London Underground Line Control Rooms
,”
Cognition and Communication at Work
(Distributed Cognition in the Workplace), pp.
96
130
.
36.
Woods
,
D. D.
,
2009
, “
Escaping Failures of Foresight
,”
Saf. Sci.
,
47
(
4
), pp.
498
501
.10.1016/j.ssci.2008.07.030
37.
Endsley
,
M. R.
,
Bolte
,
B.
, and
Jones
,
D. G.
,
2003
,
Designing for Situation Awareness: An Approach to User-Centered Design
,
CRC Press
,
Boca Raton, FL
.
38.
Steiro
,
T. J.
, and
Torgersen
,
G. E.
,
2013
, “
The Terms of Interaction and Concurrent Learning in the Definition of Integrated Operations
,”
Integrated Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry: Sustainability and Capability Development
,
H. T.
Rosendahl
, and
V.
Hepsø, eds.
,
IGI Global
,
Hersey, PA
.
39.
Carlile
,
P. R.
,
2004
, “
Transferring, Translating, and Transforming: An Integrative Framework for Managing Knowledge Across Boundaries
,”
Org. Sci.
,
15
(
5
), pp.
555
568
.10.1287/orsc.1040.0094
40.
Rosness
,
R.
,
Håkonsen
,
G.
,
Steiro
,
T.
, and
Tinmannsvik
,
R. K.
,
2000
, “
The Vulnerable Robustness of High-Reliability Organisations: A Case Study Report From an Offshore Oil Production Platform
,”
18th ESReDA Seminar Risk Management and Human Reliability in Social Context Karlstad
, Sweden, June 15–16,
41.
Steiro
,
T. J.
, and
Moldjord
,
C. M.
,
2018
, “
Though Men Cry- Learning From Sharp End Military Aviation II
,”
Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World
, S. Haugen, A. Barros, C. van Gulijk, T. Kongsvik, and J. E. Vinnem, eds., Taylor & Francis Group, London, Chap. 31.10.1201/9781351174664
42.
Steiro
,
T. J.
,
Moldjord
,
C.
,
Firing
,
K.
, and
Fredriksen
,
P.
,
2010
, “
Tough Men Cry. Learning From Sharp End Military Operations
,” ESREL, Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 5–9.
43.
Folland
,
R.
,
2009
, “
Holistic Debriefing: A Paradigm Shift in Leadership
,”
A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Graduation Requirements
,
Air Command and Staff College Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base
,
Montgomery, AL
.
44.
Argyris
,
C.
, and
Schön
,
D.
,
1978
,
Organizational Learning. A Theory of Action Perspective
,
Jossey-Bass
,
San Francisco, CA
.
45.
Yin
,
R.
,
2004
,
The Case Study Anthology
,
Sage Publications
,
Thousand Oaks, CA
.
46.
Kvale
,
S.
,
1996
,
Inter Views: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing
,
Sage Publications
,
Thousand Oaks, CA
.
47.
Dijkstra
,
A.
,
2006
, “
Safety Management in Airlines
,”
Resilience Engineering Concepts and Precepts
,
E.
Hollnagel
,
D. D.
Woods
, and
N.
Leveson
, (eds.),
Ashgate Publishing Ltd
,
Hampshire, UK
.
48.
Hollnagel
,
E.
,
2004
,
Barriers and Accident Prevention
,
Ashgate
,
Aldershot, UK
.
You do not currently have access to this content.