... pressure region with another of plastic material type, including high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE). The method of characteristics was implemented to discretize the extended one-dimensional water-Hammer Equations, embedding the Ramos et al. formulation. The comparison of the numerical...

... pipes plastic material radial-strain steel surge water-hammer Hydraulic systems are inevitably subjected to frequent setting operations, accidental or man-made disruptions. In principle, these events generate pressure variations (also referred to as water-hammer surges); which may undermine...