Onshore pipelines have traditionally been designed with a deterministic stress-based methodology. The changing operating environment has, however, imposed many challenges to the pipeline industry, including heightened public awareness of risk, more challenging natural hazards, and increased economic competitiveness. To meet the societal expectation of pipeline safety and enhance the competitiveness of the pipeline industry, significant efforts have been spent for the development of reliability-based design and assessment (RBDA) methodology. This paper will briefly review the technology development in the RBDA area and the focus will be on the progresses in the past years in standard development within the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Canadian Standard Association (CSA) organizations.

1.
ASME
, 2003, “
ASME B31.8-2003—Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems
,”
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
, New York, New York.
2.
Canadian Standards Association
, 2003, “
CSA Z662-03—Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems
,”
Canadian Standards Association
, Mississauga, ON.
3.
Ellingwood
,
B.
,
Galambos
,
T. V.
,
MacGregor
,
J. G.
, and
Cornell
,
C. A.
, 1980, “
Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58, Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures
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National Bureau of Standards
, Washington, DC.
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Bartlett
,
F. M.
,
Hong
,
H. P.
, and
Zhou
,
W.
, 2003, “
Load Factor Calibration for the Proposed 2005 Edition of the National Building Code of Canada: Companion-Action Load Combinations
,”
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, pp.
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5.
MacGregor
,
J. G.
,
Kennedy
,
D. J. L.
,
Bartlett
,
F. M.
,
Chernenko
,
D.
,
Maes
,
M. A.
, and
Dunaszegi
,
L.
, 1997, “
Design Criteria and Load and Resistance Factors for the Confederation Bridge
,”
Can. J. Civ. Eng.
0315-1468,
24
, pp.
882
897
.
6.
Hwang
,
H.
,
Reich
,
M.
,
Ellingwood
,
B.
, and
Shinozuka
,
M.
, 1986, “
Reliability Assessment and Probability Based Design of Reinforced Concrete Containments and Shear Walls—Summary Report
,”
Brookhaven National Laboratory
, Upton, NY.
7.
Canadian Standards Association
, 1989, “
CSA S471-M1989—General Requirements, Design Criteria, the Environment, and Loads. Part I of the Code for the Design, Construction, and Installation of Fixed Offshore Structures
,”
Canadian Standards Association
, Mississauga, ON.
8.
Jiao
,
G.
,
Mork
,
K. J.
,
Sotberg
,
T.
,
Bruschi
,
R.
,
Torselletti
,
E.
, and
Collberg
,
L.
, 1996, “
Limit State Design Guideline for Offshore Pipelines
,” SUPERB Report.
9.
ISO
, 2001, “
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries—Pipeline Transportation Systems—Reliability Based Limit State Methods
,” ISO Standard, ISO CD–16708, Revision No. 02.
10.
Nessim
,
M.
,
Zimmerman
,
T.
, and
Fuglem
,
M.
, 2002, “
Guidelines for Reliability-Based Design and Assessment of Onshore Pipelines
,” Report to BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd. and TransCanada PipeLines Ltd., Aug.
11.
Nessim
,
M.
,
Zimmerman
,
T.
,
Glover
,
A.
,
McLamb
,
M.
,
Rothwell
,
B.
, and
Zhou
,
J. Z.
, 2002, “
Reliability-Based Limit State Design for Onshore Pipelines
,”
Proceedings of International Pipeline Conference
,
Calgary, Alberta
, Sept. 29–Oct. 3.
12.
Zimmerman
,
T.
,
Nessim
,
M.
,
McLamb
,
M.
,
Rothwell
,
B.
,
Zhou
,
J. Z.
, and
Glover
,
A.
, 2002, “
Target Reliability Levels for Onshore Gas Pipelines
,”
Proceedings of International Pipeline Conference
,
Calgary, Alberta
, Sept. 29–Oct. 3.
13.
Stephens
,
M.
,
Leewis
,
K.
, and
Moore
,
D.
, 2002, “
A Model for Sizing High Consequence Areas Associated With Natural Gas Pipelines
,”
Proceedings of International Pipeline Conference
,
Calgary, Alberta
, Sept. 29–Oct. 3.
14.
ASME
, 2001, “
ASME B31.8S-2001—Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipelines, Supplemental to ASME B31.8
,”
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
, New York, New York.
15.
MIACC
, 1995, “
Land Use Guidelines for Pipeline Corridors
,”
Major Industrial Acciddents Council of Canada
, Ottawa, ON.
16.
HSE
, 2001, “
Reducing Risks, Protecting People—HSE’s Decision-Making Process
,”
Health and Safety Executive
, London, UK.
17.
Nessim
,
M.
,
Zhou
,
W.
,
Zhou
,
J.
,
Rothwell
,
B.
, and
McLamb
,
M.
, 2004, “
Target Reliability Levels for Design and Assessment of Onshore Natural Gas Pipelines
,”
Proceedings of International Pipeline Conference
,
Calgary, Alberta
, Oct 4–8.
18.
Nessim
,
M.
, and
Zhou
,
W.
, 2005, “
Guidelines for Reliability-Based Design and Assessment of Onshore Natural Gas Pipelines
,” Gas Research Institute (GRI), Report No. GRI-04/0229.
19.
Nessim
,
M.
, and
Zhou
,
W.
, 2005, “
Target Reliability Levels for Design and Assessment of Onshore Natural Gas Pipelines
,” Gas Research Institute (GRI), Report No. GRI-04/0230.
20.
Nessim
,
M.
,
Zhou
,
W.
, and
Zhou
,
J.
,
Rothwell
,
B.
, 2006, “
Reliability Based Design and Assessment for Location-Specific Failure Threats
,”
Proceedings of International Pipeline Conference
,
Calgary, Alberta
, Sept. 25–29.
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