The applicability of the following four design formulas of the single-ply unreinforced U-shaped bellows is examined: 1) Kellogg’s formula, 2) formula of EJMA, 3) formula by Hamada and Takezono, 4) formula by Hamada et al. Examination is carried out by comparing results of the design stress and the fatigue life estimated by these four formulas with each other and with experimental data.

Issue Section:
Technical Briefs
Topics:
Bellows (Equipment), Design, Fatigue life, Stress
1.
Becht
C.
,
1986
, “
Predicting Bellows Response by Numerical and Theoretical Methods
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY
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108
, p.
334
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.
2.
Becht, C. E., 1989, “Fatigue and Elevated Temperature Design of Bellows,” Metallic Bellows and Expansion Joints, ASME PVP-Vol. 168.
3.
EJMA, 1980, Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, Inc., 5th Edition, White Plains, NY, p. 81.
4.
Hamada
M.
,
Inoue
Y.
, and
Nakatani
T.
,
1972
, “
Calculations on Strength of U-Shaped Bellows (in Japanese)
,”
Pressure Engineering, Journal of High Pressure Institute of Japan
, Vol.
10
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3
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.
5.
Hamada
M.
,
Inoue
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,
Nakatani
T.
, and
Moriishi
M.
,
1976
, “
Design Diagrams and Formulae for U-Shaped Bellows
,”
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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6.
Hamada
M.
, and
Morita
Y.
,
1965
, “
On the Numerical Solutions of the Naghdi’s Equations for the Axially Symmetric Shell
,”
Bulletin JSME
, Vol.
8
, No.
32
, p.
532
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.
7.
Hamada
M.
, and
Takezono
S.
,
1965
, “
Strength of U-Shaped Bellows (1st Report, Case of Axial Loading)
,”
Bulletin JSME
, Vol.
8
, No.
32
, p.
525
525
.
8.
Hamada
M.
, and
Takezono
S.
,
1966
a, “
Strength of U-Shaped Bellows (2nd Report, Case of Axial Loading—Continued)
,”
Bulletin JSME
, Vol.
9
, No.
35
, p.
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502
.
9.
Hamada
M.
, and
Takezono
S.
,
1966
b, “
Strength of U-Shaped Bellows (3rd Report, Case of Loading of Internal Pressure)
,”
Bulletin JSME
, Vol.
9
, No.
35
, p.
513
513
.
10.
Hamada
M.
, and
Takezono
S.
,
1967
, “
Strength of U-Shaped Bellows (5th Report, Fatigue Strength under Axial Loading)
,”
Bulletin JSME
, Vol.
10
, No.
40
, p.
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.
11.
Hamada
M.
, and
Tanaka
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,
1978
, “
Design of U-Shaped Bellows Considering Low-Cycle Fatigue
,”
ASME JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY
, Vol.
100
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382
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.
12.
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13.
Langer
B. F.
,
1962
, “
Design of Pressure Vessels for Low-Cycle Fatigue
,”
ASME Journal of Basic Engineering
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84
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14.
Ota
T.
, and
Hamada
M.
,
1963
, “
On the Strength of Toroidal Shells (1st Report, A Proposition on the Solutions)
,”
Bulletin JSME
, Vol.
6
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24
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638
638
.
15.
Sepetoski
W. K.
,
Pearson
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,
Dingwell
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, and
Adkins
A. W.
,
1962
, “
A Digital Computer Program for the General Axially Symmetric Thin-Shell Problem
,”
ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics
, Vol.
29
, p.
655
655
.
16.
Takezono
S.
,
1972
, “
Prediction of the Fatigue Life of Bellows
” (in Japanese),
Pressure Engineering, Journal of High Pressure Institute of Japan
, Vol.
10
, No.
3
, p.
2709
2709
.
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