... water hammer pressure oscillations Water hammer-induced radial deflection of composite pipe wall may often cause stresses with higher values than the values of the allowable design stresses [ 1 , 2 ]. The reason of the above phenomenon is the developed pressure shock due to the Newton's...

... ring, as a pivotal component of the fish cage, undergoes large deformations and it has been found that the floatation ring oscillates when moving in water waves. In the most serious cases, its deformation is so large it can be damaged. The floatation ring is simplified as a free circular ring...