... cones, the bottom of ice load panels, or the abrupt change in slope where a cone is joined to a cylinder), much smaller broken fragments and chips appear (by shear failure or crushing failure), as shown in Fig. 7 . life-cycle cost cost-effective design structural reliability optimal design...

... ). To demonstrate the life-cycle cost-effective design of ice-resistant platforms, an illustrative example of a typical platform in Bohai Bay is discussed herein. For the offshore platform, the mass mainly depends on the facilities on the platform. So the dynamic characteristics, structural responses under...