As the aquaculture industry considers moving into the open ocean, understanding the dynamic response of fish containment structures becomes critical. Identification of possible resonant conditions and motion characteristics is necessary for system structural integrity and maximizing fish survivability. In this study, heave (vertical motion) free release tests of a central spar fish cage were conducted using a combination of physical and finite-element (FE) models and field observations. These tests were performed to investigate the added mass, damping and natural period characteristics of the system in the vertical direction. The test results were analyzed considering both linear and nonlinear damping. The comparison of these tests show that: the damped natural period of this fish cage is longer than 20 seconds; the numerical model underestimates the damping and the cage oscillates longer and at a higher frequency than observed with the field tests; and the physical model is nearly critically damped near equilibrium due to Reynolds number effects at the model scale.

1.
Fredriksson
,
D.W.
,
Swift
,
M. R.
,
Muller
,
E.
,
Baldwin
,
K.
, and
Celikkol
,
B.
,
2000
, “
Open Ocean Aquaculture Engineering: System Design and Physical Modeling
,”
Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
,
34
(
1
), pp.
41
52
.
2.
Tsukrov
,
I.
,
Ozbay
,
M.
,
Fredriksson
,
D.W.
,
Swift
,
M.R.
,
Baldwin
,
K.
, and
Celikkol
,
B.
,
2000
, “
Open Ocean Aquaculture Engineering: Numerical Modeling
,”
Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
,
34
(
1
), pp.
29
40
.
3.
Baldwin
,
K.
,
Celikkol
,
B.
,
Steen
,
R.R.
,
Michelin
,
D.
,
Muller
,
E.
, and
Lavoie
,
P.
,
2000
, “
Open Aquaculture Engineering: Mooring and Net Pen Deployment
,”
Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
,
34
(
1
), pp.
53
67
.
4.
Irish, J.D., Paul, W., Ostrom, W.M., Chambers, M.D., Fredriksson, D.W., and Stommel, M., 2001, “Deployment of Northern Fish Cage and Mooring, University of New Hampshire-Open Ocean Aquaculture Program Summer 2000,” Tech. Rep. WHOI-2001-01, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
5.
Ogata, K., 1998, System Dynamics, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
6.
Phillips, C.L., and Harbor, R.D., 2000, Feedback Control Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
7.
Burden, R.L., and Faires, J.D., 1997, Numerical Analysis, 6th ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
8.
Charkrabarti, S.K., 1994, Offshore Structure Modeling, World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore.
9.
Fredriksson, D.W., Palczynski, M.J., Swift, M.R., and Irish, J.D., 2001, “Fluid Dynamic Drag of a Central Spar Cage,” Open Ocean Aquaculture IV, June 17–20, St. Andrews, NB, Canada, Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Ocean Springs, MS, MASGP-01-006, 2001 (in press).
10.
Palczynski, M.J., 2000, “Fish Cage Physical Modeling,” Master’s degree thesis submitted in partial requirement for the Ocean Engineering degree program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH.
11.
Swift, M.R., Palczynski, M., Kestler, K., Michelin, D., Celikkol, B., and Gosz, M., 1998, “Fish Cage Physical Modeling for Software Development and Design Applications,” in: Nutrition and Technical Devel. of Aquaculture, Proc. of the 26th U.S.-Japan Aquaculture Symp., UJNR Technical Report No. 26, UNH/UM SeaGrant, Kingman Farm, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, Rpt. No. UNHMP-CP-SG-98-19, pp. 199–206.
12.
Zienkiewicz, O.C., and Taylor, R.L., 2000, The Finite Element Method, 5th ed., Vols. 1 and 2, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
13.
Morison
,
J.R.
,
Johnson
,
J.W.
,
O’Brien
,
M.P.
, and
Schaaf
,
S.A.
,
1950
, “
The Forces Exerted by Surface Waves on Piles
,”
Petroleum Transactions
, American Institute of Mining Engineers,
189
, pp.
149
154
.
14.
Gosz, M., Kestler, K., Swift, M.R., and Celikkol, B., 1996, “Finite Element Modeling of Submerged Aquaculture Net-pen Systems,” in: Open Ocean Aquaculture. Proc. of an Int. Conf. May 8–10, 1996, Portland, ME, Marie Polk, Editor, New Hampshire/Maine Sea Grant College Program, Rpt. No. UNHMP-CP-SG-96-9, pp. 523–554.
15.
Haritos
,
N.
, and
He
,
D.T.
,
1992
, “
Modelling the Response of Cable Elements in an Ocean Environment
,”
Finite Elem. Anal. Design
,
19
, pp.
19
32
.
16.
Bessonneau
,
J.S.
, and
Marichal
,
D.
,
1998
, “
Study of the Dynamics of Submerged Supple Nets (Applications to Trawls)
,”
Ocean Eng.
,
25
(
27
), pp.
563
583
.
17.
Webster
,
W.C.
,
1995
, “
Mooring-Induced Damping
,”
Ocean Eng.
,
22
(
6
), pp.
571
591
.
18.
Choo
,
Y.I.
, and
Casarella
,
M.J.
,
1971
, “
Hydrodynamic Resistance of Towed Cables
,”
J. Hydronautics
,
25
(
4
), pp.
126
131
.
19.
Tsukrov
,
I.
,
Eroshkin
,
O.
,
Fredriksson
,
D.
,
Swift
,
M.R.
, and
Celikkol
,
B.
,
2003
, “
Finite Element Modeling of Net Panels Using Consistent Net Element
,”
Ocean Eng.
,
30
, pp.
251
270
.
You do not currently have access to this content.