Except for the relatively small zones within pavements that are subjected to loadings, the primary challenge in asphalt concrete (AC) pavement design and maintenance is to prevent and/or control environmentally induced distresses. Distresses, including block and thermal cracking, and possibly raveling of construction joints, tend to accelerate with time; as a result, it is critical to evaluate the state of crack resistance in asphalt pavement surfaces before and after maintenance treatments. A review of the use of noncollinear wave mixing to evaluate oxidative aging of AC pavements, and the used of rejuvenators in oxidized pavements toward extension of pavement life, is presented. The approach requires no core extraction. Results show that the noncollinear wave mixing can evaluate the state of oxidative aging of AC pavements. Results also indicate that the use of rejuvenators is a successful strategy of pavement maintenance and sustainability.

References

1.
Petersen
,
J.
,
2009
, “
A Review of the Fundamentals of Asphalt Oxidation
,” Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Circular No.
E-C140
.
2.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Behnia
,
B.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2013
, “
Characterization of Oxidative Aging in Asphalt Concrete—Part 1: Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation Measurements and Acoustic Emission Response Under Thermal Cooling
,”
Insight
,
55
(
11
), pp.
596
604
.
3.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Behnia
,
B.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2013
, “
Characterization of Oxidative Aging in Asphalt Concrete—Part 2: Estimation of Complex Moduli
,”
Insight
,
55
(
11
), pp.
605
609
.
4.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2014
, “
Characterization of Oxidative Aging in Asphalt Concrete Using a Non-Collinear Ultrasonic Wave Mixing Approach
,”
Insight
,
56
(
7
), pp.
367
374
.
5.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2014
, “
Estimation of Oxidative Aging in Asphalt Concrete Pavements Using Non-Collinear Wave Mixing of Critically Refracted Longitudinal Waves
,”
Insight
,
57
(
1
), pp.
25
34
.
6.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2015
, “
Field Estimation of Oxidative Aging in Asphalt Concrete Pavements Using Non-Collinear Wave Mixing
,”
Insight
,
57
(
11
), pp.
625
634
.
7.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2016
, “
Field Assessment of Oxidative Aging in Asphalt Concrete Pavements With Unknown Acoustic Properties
,”
J. Constr. Build. Mater.
,
116
, pp.
159
168
.
8.
Braham
,
A. F.
,
Buttlar
,
W. G.
,
Clyne
,
T. R.
,
Marasteanu
,
M. O.
, and
Turos
,
M. I.
,
2009
, “
The Effect of Long-Term Laboratory Aging on Asphalt Concrete Fracture Energy
,”
J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol.
,
78
, pp.
417
454
.
9.
Murnaghan
,
F. D.
,
1951
,
Finite Deformation of an Elastic Solid
,
Wiley
,
New York
.
10.
Landau
,
L. D.
, and
Lifshitz
,
E. M.
,
1959
,
Theory of Elasticity
,
Addison-Wesley Publishing
, Reading,
MA
.
11.
Jones
,
G.
, and
Kobett
,
D.
,
1963
, “
Interaction of Elastic Waves in an Isotropic Solid
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
,
35
(
1
), pp.
5
10
.
12.
Rollins
,
F.
,
Taylor
,
L.
, and
Todd
,
P.
,
1964
, “
Ultrasonic Study of Three-Phonon Interactions—II: Experimental Results
,”
Phys. Rev.
,
136
(
3A
), pp.
A597
A601
.
13.
Taylor
,
L.
, and
Rollins
,
F.
,
1964
, “
Ultrasonic Study of Three-Phonon Interactions—I: Theory
,”
Phys. Rev.
,
136
(
3A
), pp.
A591
A596
.
14.
Johnson
,
P.
, and
Shankland
,
T.
,
1989
, “
Nonlinear Generation of Elastic Waves in Granite and Sandstone: Continuous Wave and Travel Time Observations
,”
J. Geophys. Res.
,
94
(B
12
), pp.
17729
17733
.
15.
Johnson
,
P.
,
Shankland
,
T.
,
Connell
,
O. R.
, and
Albright
,
J.
,
1987
, “
Nonlinear Generation of Elastic Waves in Crystalline Rock
,”
J. Geophys. Res.
,
92
(B
5
), pp.
3597
3602
.
16.
Korneev
,
D. A.
,
2014
, “
Possible Second-Order Nonlinear Interactions of Plane Waves in an Elastic Solid
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
,
135
(
2
), pp.
591
598
.
17.
Zarembo
,
L. K.
, and
Krasil'nikov
,
V. A.
,
1971
, “
Nonlinear Phenomena in the Propagation of Elastic Waves in Solids
,”
Sov. Phys.
,
13
(
6
), pp.
778
797
.
18.
Gol'dberg
,
Z. A.
,
1960
, “
Interaction of Plane Longitudinal and Transverse Elastic Waves
,”
Sov. Phys. Acoust.
,
6
(
3
), pp.
306
310
.
19.
McCall
,
K. R.
,
1994
, “
Theoretical Study of Nonlinear Elastic Wave Propagation
,”
J. Geophys. Res.
,
99
(B
2
), pp.
2591
2600
.
20.
Hughes
,
D. S.
, and
Kelly
,
J. L.
,
1953
, “
Second-Order Elastic Deformation of Solids
,”
Phys. Rev.
,
92
(
5
), pp.
1145
1149
.
21.
Bray
,
D.
, and
Stanley
,
R.
,
1997
,
Nondestructive Evaluation: A Tool in Design, Manufacturing, and Service
,
CRC Press
,
New York
.
22.
Kinsler
,
L.
,
Frey
,
A.
,
Coppens
,
A.
, and
Sanders
,
J.
,
1984
,
Fundamentals of Acoustics
, 3rd ed.,
Wiley
,
New York
.
23.
Basatskaya
,
L.
, and
Ermolov
,
I.
,
1981
, “
Theoretical Study of Ultrasonic Longitudinal Subsurface Waves in Solid Media
,”
Sov. J. Nondestr. Testing
,
16
, pp.
524
530
.
24.
Chaki
,
S.
,
Ke
,
W.
, and
Demouveau
,
H.
,
2013
, “
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Critically Refracted Longitudinal Beam
,”
Ultrasonics
,
53
(
1
), pp.
65
69
.
25.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Farace
,
N.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2015
, “
Effectiveness of Rejuvenators on Aged Asphalt Concrete Using Ultrasonic Non-Collinear Subsurface Wave Mixing
,”
Mater. Eval.
,
73
(
10
), pp.
1365
1376
.
26.
McGovern
,
M.
,
Behnia
,
B.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2017
, “
Estimation of Fracture Performance of Aged Asphalt Mixtures From Nonlinear Acoustic Measurements
,”
J. Transp. Res. Board
, 2631, pp.
11
19
.
27.
Apeagyei
,
A.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2009
, “
Assessment of Low-Temperature Embrittlement of Asphalt Binders Using an Acoustic Emission Approach
,”
Insight
,
51
(
3
), pp.
129
136
.
28.
Behnia
,
B.
,
Dave
,
E.
,
Buttlar
,
W.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2016
, “
Characterization of Embrittlement Temperature of Asphalt Materials Through Implementation of Acoustic Emission Technique
,”
J. Constr. Build. Mater.
,
111
, pp.
147
152
.
29.
Sun
,
Z.
,
Behnia
,
B.
,
Buttlar
,
W. G.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2016
, “
Acoustic Emission Quantitative Evaluation of Rejuvenators to Restore Embrittlement Temperatures to Oxidized Asphalt Mixtures
,”
Constr. Build. Mater.
,
126
, pp.
913
923
.
30.
Dave
,
E. V.
,
Behnia
,
B.
,
Ahmed
,
S.
,
Buttlar
,
W. G.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2011
, “
Low Temperature Fracture Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Using Mechanical Testing and Acoustic Emissions Techniques
,”
J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol.
,
80
, pp.
193
220
.
31.
Hill
,
B.
,
Oldham
,
D.
,
Behnia
,
B.
,
Fini
,
E. H.
,
Buttlar
,
W. G.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2013
, “
Low Temperature Performance Characterization of Bio-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
,”
Transp. Res. Rec.
,
2371
(
1
), pp.
49
57
.
32.
ASTM
,
2007
, “
Standard Test Method for Determining Fracture Energy of Asphalt Concrete-Aggregate Mixtures Using the Disk-Shaped Compact Tension Geometry
,” American Society of Testing Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, Standard No.
ASTM 7313-07
.
33.
Shen
,
J.
,
Amirkhanian
,
S.
, and
Miller
,
J.
,
2007
, “
Effects of Rejuvenating Agents on Superpave Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
,”
J. Mater. Civ. Eng.
,
19
(
5
), pp.
376
384
.
34.
García
,
Á.
,
Schlangen
,
E.
, and
Van de Ven
,
M.
,
2011
, “
Properties of Capsules Containing Rejuvenators for Their Use in Asphalt Concrete
,”
Fuel
,
90
(
2
), pp.
583
591
.
35.
Brown
,
E.
,
1988
, “
Preventative Maintenance of Asphalt Concrete Pavements
,”
Transp. Res. Rec.
,
1
, pp.
6
11
.
36.
McGovern
,
M. E.
,
Buttlar
,
W. G.
, and
Reis
,
H.
,
2016
, “
Nondestructive Field Evaluation of Aging Levels of Rejuvenated Asphalt Concrete Pavements
,”
J. Transp. Res. Board
,
2576
, pp.
1
9
.
You do not currently have access to this content.