... patients, and access to cadavers is becoming rare and difficult. In the early 2000s, medical simulators began to appear to help mitigate these problems: virtual reality simulators (VRS) and physical reality simulators (PRS). Current VRS can provide guidance and performance evaluation with fewer instructors...

... and refine current designs and to explore new high-risk, high-payoff designs. For the past 4 years, our interdisciplinary research group has been working toward developing strategies to dramatically increase the role of simulation in medical device engineering, including linking simulations...

... irrigation settings are not described. To study the complex clinical practice of irrigation, a physical simulation environment was developed that incorporates the main characteristics for performing arthroscopy. Its irrigation capacities were validated with patient data. The physical simulation environment...