... by the “in vitro” phase. Here, tests are done in a test stand to obtain initial conclusions about the interaction of the environment. The approval process is completed in the “in vivo” phase, where testing in living beings happen. Here, preclinical studies are carried out in animals first, followed by clinical...

...Levin J. Sliker; Xin Wang; Jonathan A. Schoen; Mark E. Rentschler Despite revolutionary advances in many fields of medicine, there are no active mobile in vivo devices commercially available, or in use, today. Several research groups are actively looking at a number of mobility methods in a number...

...Mark Stasiak M. Eng; Carl Imhauser; Jonathan Packer; Asheesh Bedi; Robert Brophy; David Kovacevic; Kent Jackson; Xiang-Hua Deng; Scott Rodeo; Peter Torzilli We designed and validated a novel knee joint fixation/distraction system to study tendon–to-bone healing in an in vivo rat model of anterior...

... are actuated. A plastic case was built to connect the two free ends of the tube to retain the structure of the system, while the wires were affixed to the free ends of the load cell. The force in the cable was measured using this device while sampling sets of in vivo tissue in a porcine model. The force...