Abstract
Tremor is a rhythmic, involuntary oscillatory movement that severely affects some aspects of a patient's daily life. The use of wearable tremor-suppressing orthoses has become an effective, noninvasive treatment method for controlling tremors. This article summarizes recent developments in upper limb tremor suppression orthoses, aiming to provide a foundation for future research. By analyzing the working mechanisms, degrees-of-freedom (DOFs), weight, and tremor suppression effectiveness of various types of orthoses, the following conclusions are drawn: We found that differences in the working mechanism and the number of suppression directions are related to the weight of the device; weight, in turn, is a major factor affecting the comfort of the orthoses; and the combination of the number and weight of the damping direction affects the effect of the damping equipment. Balancing these three factors should be a key focus of future research. Moreover, researchers are placing greater emphasis on the comfort of the wearer during the development of these orthoses.
References
1.
Deuschl
, G.
, Bain
, P.
, and Brin
, M.
, 2008
, “Consensus Statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor
,” Mov. Disord.
, 13
(S3
), pp. 2
–23
.10.1002/mds.8701313032.
Elble
, R.
, and Deuschl
, G.
, 2011
, “Milestones in Tremor Research
,” Mov. Disord.
, 26
(6
), pp. 1096
–1105
.10.1002/mds.235793.
Louis
, E. D.
, Broussolle
, E.
, Goetz
, C. G.
, Krack
, P.
, Kaufmann
, P.
, and Mazzoni
, P.
, 2008
, “Historical Underpinnings of the Term Essential Tremor in the Late 19th Century
,” Neurology
, 71
(11
), pp. 856
–859
.10.1212/01.wnl.0000325564.38165.d14.
Bhatia
, K. P.
, Bain
, P.
, Bajaj
, N.
, Elble
, R. J.
, Hallett
, M.
, Louis
, E. D.
, Raethjen
, J.
, Stamelou
, M.
, Testa
, C. M.
, Deuschl
, G.
, and the Tremor Task Force of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society,
2018
, “Consensus Statement on the Classification of Tremors. From the Task Force on Tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
,” Mov. Disord.
, 33
(1
), pp. 75
–87
.10.1002/mds.271215.
Elble
, R. J.
, 2006
, “Report From a U.S. conference on Essential Tremor
,” Mov. Disord.
, 21
(12
), pp. 2052
–2061
.10.1002/mds.211576.
Hopfner
, F.
, Höglinger
, G. U.
, Kuhlenbäumer
, G.
, Pottegård
, A.
, Wod
, M.
, Christensen
, K.
, Tanner
, C. M.
, and Deuschl
, G.
, 2020
, “β-Adrenoreceptors and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease
,” Lancet Neurol.
, 19
(3
), pp. 247
–254
.10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30400-47.
Louis
, E. D.
, and Ottman
, R.
, 2014
, “How Many People in the USA Have Essential Tremor? Deriving a Population Estimate Based on Epidemiological Data
,” Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Mov.
, 4
, p. 259
.10.5334/tohm.1988.
Miskin
, C.
, and Carvalho
, K. S.
, 2018
, “Tremors: Essential Tremor and Beyond
,” Semin. Pediatr. Neurol.
, 25
, pp. 34
–41
.10.1016/j.spen.2018.02.0029.
Bhidayasiri
, R.
, 2005
, “Differential Diagnosis of Common Tremor Syndromes
,” Postgrad. Med. J.
, 81
(962
), pp. 756
–762
.10.1136/pgmj.2005.03297910.
Sirisena
, D.
, and Williams
, D. R.
, 2009
, “My Hands Shake–Classification and Treatment of Tremor
,” Aust. Fam. Physician
, 38
(9
), pp. 678
–683
.https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1296187511.
Elble
, R. J.
, Shih
, L.
, and Cozzens
, J. W.
, 2018
, “Surgical Treatments for Essential Tremor
,” Expert Rev. Neurother.
, 18
(4
), pp. 303
–321
.10.1080/14737175.2018.144552612.
Mo
, J.
, and Priefer
, R.
, 2021
, “Medical Devices for Tremor Suppression: Current Status and Future Directions
,” Biosensors
, 11
(4
), p. 99
.10.3390/bios1104009913.
Zesiewicz
, T. A.
, Elble
, R. J.
, Louis
, E. D.
, Gronseth
, G. S.
, Ondo
, W. G.
, Dewey
, R. B.
, Jr., Okun
, M. S.
, Sullivan
, K. L.
, and Weiner
, W. J.
, 2011
, “Evidence-Based Guideline Update: Treatment of Essential Tremor
,” Neurology
, 77
(19
), pp. 1752
–1755
.10.1212/WNL.0b013e318236f0fd14.
Koller
, W. C.
, and Vetere-Overfield
, B.
, 1989
, “Acute and Chronic Effects of Propranolol and Primidone in Essential Tremor
,” Neurology
, 39
(12
), pp. 1587
–1587
.10.1212/WNL.39.12.158715.
Sharma
, S.
, and Pandey
, S.
, 2020
, “Treatment of Essential Tremor: Current Status
,” Postgrad. Med. J.
, 96
(1132
), pp. 84
–93
.10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-13664716.
Chen
, J. J.
, and Swope
, D. M.
, 2003
, “Essential Tremor: Diagnosis and Treatment
,” Pharmacotherapy
, 23
(9
), pp. 1105
–1122
.10.1592/phco.23.10.1105.3275017.
Ferreira
, J. J.
, Mestre
, T. A.
, Lyons
, K. E.
, Benito-León
, J.
, Tan
, E. K.
, Abbruzzese
, G.
, Hallett
, M.
, Haubenberger
, D.
, Elble
, R.
, Deuschl
, G.
, and on behalf of MDS Task Force on Tremor and the MDS Evidence Based Medicine Committee
, 2019
, “MDS Evidence-Based Review of Treatments for Essential Tremor
,” Mov. Disord.
, 34
(7
), pp. 950
–958
.10.1002/mds.2770018.
Deuschl
, G.
, Raethjen
, J.
, Hellriegel
, H.
, and Elble
, R.
, 2011
, “Treatment of Patients With Essential Tremor
,” Lancet Neurol.
, 10
(2
), pp. 148
–161
.10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70322-719.
Shetty
, N.
, 2022
, “Essential Tremor—Do We Have Better Therapeutics? A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions
,” Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep.
, 22
(3
), pp. 197
–208
.10.1007/s11910-022-01185-820.
Hopfner
, F.
, and Deuschl
, G.
, 2020
, “Managing Essential Tremor
,” Neurotherapeutics
, 17
(4
), pp. 1603
–1621
.10.1007/s13311-020-00899-221.
Fujikawa
, J.
, Morigaki
, R.
, Yamamoto
, N.
, Nakanishi
, H.
, Oda
, T.
, Izumi
, Y.
, and Takagi
, Y.
, 2022
, “Diagnosis and Treatment of Tremor in Parkinson Disease Using Mechanical Devices
,” Life
, 13
(1
), p. 78
.10.3390/life1301007822.
Liu
, W.
, Kai
, T.
, and Kiguchi
, K.
, 2020
, “Tremor Suppression With Mechanical Vibration Stimulation
,” IEEE Access
, 8
, pp. 226199
–226212
.10.1109/ACCESS.2020.304502323.
Prochazka
, A.
, Elek
, J.
, and Javidan
, M.
, 1992
, “Attenuation of Pathological Tremors by Functional Electrical Stimulation. I: Method
,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.
, 20
(2
), pp. 205
–224
.10.1007/BF0236852124.
Habibollahi
, Z.
, Zhou
, Y.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, Garland
, S. J.
, Naish
, M. D.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2023
, “Multimodal Tremor Suppression of the Wrist Using FES and Electric Motors–A Simulation Study
,” IEEE Rob. Autom. Lett.
, 8
(11
), pp. 7543
–7550
.10.1109/LRA.2023.331660725.
Stauffer
, Y.
, Allemand
, Y.
, Bouri
, M.
, Fournier
, J.
, Clavel
, R.
, Metrailler
, P.
, Brodard
, R.
, and Reynard
, F.
, 2009
, “The WalkTrainer—A New Generation of Walking Reeducation Device Combining Orthoses and Muscle Stimulation
,” IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.
, 17
(1
), pp. 38
–45
.10.1109/TNSRE.2008.200828826.
Muenter
, M. D.
, Daube
, J. R.
, Caviness
, J. N.
, and Miller
, P. M.
, 1991
, “Treatment of Essential Tremor With Methazolamide
,” Mayo Clin. Proc.
, 66
(10
), pp. 991
–997
.10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61721-227.
Wasielewski
, P. G.
, Burns
, J. M.
, and Koller
, W. C.
, 2008
, “Pharmacologic Treatment of Tremor
,” Mov. Disord.
, 13
(S3
), pp. 90
–100
.10.1002/mds.87013131628.
Gallego
, J. A.
, Rocon
, E.
, and Pons
, J. L.
, 2010
, “Estimation of Instantaneous Tremor Parameters for FES-Based Tremor Suppression
,” IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
, Anchorage, AK, May 3–7, pp. 2922
–2927
.10.1109/ROBOT.2010.550966329.
Davidson
, A. D.
, and Charles
, S. K.
, 2017
, “Fundamental Principles of Tremor Propagation in the Upper Limb
,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.
, 45
(4
), pp. 1133
–1147
.10.1007/s10439-016-1765-530.
Fu
, H.
, 2022
, “Design and Motion Planning of 7-DOF Anthropomorphic Prosthetic Arm Based on Spherical Parallel Mechanism
,” M.D. dissertation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
, Wuhan, Hu Bei
.31.
Hua
, G.
, 2021
, “Research on Key Technology of Intelligent Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot and Its Trajectory Planning
,” M.D. dissertation
, Guangxi University of Science and Technology
, Liuzhou, Guang Xi
.https://globethesis.com/?t=242833061147232432.
Gopura
, R. A. R. C.
, and Kiguchi
, K.
, 2009
, “Mechanical Designs of Active Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Robots: State-of-the-Art and Design Difficulties
,” 2009 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics
, Kyoto, Japan, June 23–26, pp. 178
–187
.10.1109/ICORR.2009.520963033.
Pigg
, A. C.
, Thompson-Westra
, J.
, Mente
, K.
, Maurer
, C. W.
, Haubenberger
, D.
, Hallett
, M.
, and Charles
, S. K.
, 2020
, “Distribution of Tremor Among the Major Degrees of Freedom of the Upper Limb in Subjects With Essential Tremor
,” Clin. Neurophysiol.
, 131
(11
), pp. 2700
–2712
.10.1016/j.clinph.2020.08.01034.
Kiguchi
, K.
, and Hayashi
, Y.
, 2013
, “Upper-Limb Tremor Suppression With a 7DOF Exoskeleton Power-Assist Robot
,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC
), Osaka, Japan, July 3–7, pp. 6679
–6682
.10.1109/EMBC.2013.661108835.
Panchal-Kildare
, S.
, and Malone
, K.
, 2013
, “Skeletal Anatomy of the Hand
,” Hand Clin.
, 29
(4
), pp. 459
–471
.10.1016/j.hcl.2013.08.00136.
Leversedge
, F. J.
, 2008
, “Anatomy and Pathomechanics of the Thumb
,” Hand Clin.
, 24
(3
), pp. 219
–229
.10.1016/j.hcl.2008.03.01037.
Corie
, T. H.
, and Charles
, S. K.
, 2019
, “Simulated Tremor Propagation in the Upper Limb: From Muscle Activity to Joint Displacement
,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
, 141
(8
), p. 081001.10.1115/1.404344238.
Standring
, D. J.
, Pigg
, A. C.
, Thompson-Westra
, J.
, Mente
, K.
, Maurer
, C. W.
, Haubenberger
, D.
, Hallett
, M.
, and Charles
, S. K.
, 2022
, “Distribution of Tremorogenic Activity Among the Major Superficial Muscles of the Upper Limb in Persons With Essential Tremor
,” Clin. Neurophysiol.
, 142
, pp. 20
–32
.10.1016/j.clinph.2022.07.00139.
Sun
, J.
, Xiang
, K.
, Lifu
, G.
, Li
, T.
, and Ge
, Y.
, 2012
, “A Comprehensive Review of Fundamental Theory and Methodology for Tremor Suppression of Human Arm Based on Robotic Exoskeleton Technology
,” CAAI Trans. Intell. Syst.
, 7
(4
), pp. 283
–293
.https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6338876540.
Riviere
, C. N.
, Rader
, R. S.
, and Thakor
, N. V.
, 1998
, “THAKOR N V. Adaptive Cancelling of Physiological Tremor for Improved Precision in Microsurgery
,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
, 45
(7
), pp. 839
–846
.10.1109/10.68679141.
Veluvolu
, K. C.
, Tan
, U. X.
, Latt
, W. T.
, Shee
, C. Y.
, and Ang
, W. T.
, 2007
, “Bandlimited Multiple Fourier Linear Combiner for Real-Time Tremor Compensation
,” Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc.
, 2007
, pp. 2847
–2850
.10.1109/IEMBS.2007.435292242.
Rocon
, E.
, Ruiz
, A. F.
, Pons
, J. L.
, Belda-Lois
, J. M.
, and Sanchez-Lacuesta
, J. J.
, 2005
, “Rehabilitation Robotics: A Wearable Exo-Skeleton for Tremor Assessment and Suppression
,” Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
, Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 18–22, pp. 2271
–2276
.10.1109/ROBOT.2005.157045143.
Zao
, J.
, Yang
, B.
, Li
, J.-Q.
, Yan
, J-h.
, and Zhu
, Y-h.
, 2011
, “Application of Shifted Band-Limited Multiple Fourier Linear Combiner in Pre-Estimation and Filtering of Human Tremor
,” J. Clin. Rehabil. Tissue Eng. Res.
, 15
(26
), pp. 4837
–4840
.10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.26.02244.
Zhou
, Y.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, Naish
, M.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2022
, “Preliminary Assessment of the Safety of a Fault-Tolerant Control-Based Wearable Tremor Suppression Glove
,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC
), Glasgow, Scotland, UK, July 11–15, pp. 2874
–2877
.10.1109/EMBC48229.2022.987154645.
Zhou
, Y.
, Habibollahi
, Z.
, Ibrahim
, A.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, Naish
, M. D.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2022
, “Real-Time Performance Assessment of High-Order Tremor Estimators Used in a Wearable Tremor Suppression Device
,” IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.
, 30
, pp. 2856
–2865
.10.1109/TNSRE.2022.321145046.
Zhou
, Y.
, Ibrahim
, A.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, Naish
, M. D.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2021
, “Analysis of the Effect of Common Disturbances on the Safety of a Wearable Tremor Suppression Device
,” IEEE Rob. Autom. Lett.
, 6
(2
), pp. 2846
–2853
.10.1109/LRA.2021.306259247.
Vescio
, B.
, Quattrone
, A.
, Nisticò
, R.
, Crasà
, M.
, and Quattrone
, A.
, 2021
, “Wearable Devices for Assessment of Tremor
,” Front. Neurol.
, 12
, p. 680011
.10.3389/fneur.2021.68001148.
Wei
, X.
, 2016
, “Research on Functional Electrical Stimulation System for Suppressing Pathological Tremor of Upper Limb
,” M.D. dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology
, Harbin, Heilongjiang
.49.
Lora-Millan
, J. S.
, Delgado-Oleas
, G.
, Benito-León
, J.
, and Rocon
, E.
, 2021
, “A Review on Wearable Technologies for Tremor Suppression
,” Front. Neurol.
, 12
, p. 700600
.10.3389/fneur.2021.70060050.
Skaramagkas
, V.
, Andrikopoulos
, G.
, and Manesis
, S.
, 2021
, “Towards Essential Hand Tremor Suppression Via Pneumatic Artificial Muscles
,” Actuators
, 10
(9
), p. 206
.10.3390/act1009020651.
Zhou
, Y.
, Ibrahim
, A.
, Hardy
, K. G.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, Naish
, M. D.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2021
, “Design and Preliminary Performance Assessment of a Wearable Tremor Suppression Glove
,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
, 68
(9
), pp. 2846
–2857
.10.1109/TBME.2021.308062252.
Wanasinghe
, A. T.
, Awantha
, W. V. I.
, Kavindya
, A. G. P.
, Kulasekera
, A. L.
, Chathuranga
, D. S.
, and Senanayake
, B.
, 2021
, “A Layer Jamming Soft Glove for Hand Tremor Suppression
,” IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.
, 29
, pp. 2684
–2694
.10.1109/TNSRE.2021.313549753.
Herrnstadt
, G.
, and Menon
, C.
, 2016
, “Voluntary-Driven Elbow Orthosis With Speed-Controlled Tremor Suppression
,” Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
, 4
, p. 29
.10.3389/fbioe.2016.0002954.
Yang
, S.
, 2022
, “Research on Dynamic Vibration Absorber for Inhibiting Human Upper Forearm Tremor
,” M.D. dissertation, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
, Xi'an, Shaan Xi
.55.
Masoumi
, M.
, Kmanzi
, S.
, Wang
, H.
, and Mohammadi
, H.
, 2021
, “Design and Fabrication of a Novel Passive Hand Tremor Attenuator
,” J. Med. Eng. Technol.
, 45
(8
), pp. 597
–605
.10.1080/03091902.2021.193667356.
Faizan
, M. S.
, and Muzammil
, M.
, 2020
, “Hand Tremor Suppression Device for Patients Suffering From Parkinson's Disease
,” J. Med. Eng. Technol.
, 44
(4
), pp. 190
–197
.10.1080/03091902.2020.175970857.
Fromme
, N. P.
, Camenzind
, M.
, Riener
, R.
, and Rossi
, R. M.
, 2020
, “Design of a Lightweight Passive Orthosis for Tremor Suppression
,” J. NeuroEng. Rehabil.
, 17
(1
), p. 47
.10.1186/s12984-020-00673-758.
Yi
, A.
, 2019
, “Development of Exoskeletons for Pathological Tremor Suppression of Wrist and Hand
,” M.D. dissertation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
, Shang Hai
.59.
Buki
, E.
, Katz
, R.
, Zacksenhouse
, M.
, and Schlesinger
, I.
, 2018
, “Vib-Bracelet: A Passive Absorber for Attenuating Forearm Tremor
,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.
, 56
(5
), pp. 923
–930
.10.1007/s11517-017-1742-760.
Wang
, G.
, Wang
, H.
, Gao
, W.
, Yang
, X.
, and Wang
, Y.
, 2023
, “Jamming Enabled Variable Stiffness Wrist Exoskeleton for Tremor Suppression
,” IEEE Rob. Autom. Lett.
, 8
(6
), pp. 3693
–3700
.10.1109/LRA.2023.327074761.
Zahedi
, A.
, Wang
, Y.
, Martinez-Hernandez
, U.
, and Zhang
, D.
, 2021
, “A Wearable Elbow Exoskeleton for Tremor Suppression Equipped With Rotational Semi-Active Actuator
,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process.
, 157
, p. 107674
.10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.10767462.
Yi
, A.
, Zahedi
, A.
, Wang
, Y.
, Tan
, U. X.
, and Zhang
, D.
, 2019
, “A Novel Exoskeleton System Based on Magnetorheological Fluid for Tremor Suppression of Wrist Joints
,” IEEE 16th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR
), Toronto, ON, Canada, June 24–28, pp. 1115
–1120
.10.1109/ICORR.2019.877936363.
Nguyen
, H. S.
, and Luu
, T. P.
, 2021
, “Tremor-Suppression Orthoses for the Upper Limb: Current Developments and Future Challenges
,” Front. Human Neurosci.
, 15
, p. 622535
.10.3389/fnhum.2021.62253564.
Kelley
, C. R.
, and Kauffman
, J. L.
, 2020
, “Tremor-Active Controller for Dielectric Elastomer-Based Pathological Tremor Suppression
,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron.
, 25
(2
), pp. 1143
–1148
.10.1109/TMECH.2020.297288465.
Lekshmi
, A.
, and Ramachandran
, K. I.
, 2019
, “Parkinson's Tremor Suppression Using Active Vibration Control Method
,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
, 577
(1
), p. 012056
.10.1088/1757-899X/577/1/01205666.
Zhou
, Y.
, Naish
, M. D.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2017
, “Design and Validation of a Novel Mechatronic Transmission System for a Wearable Tremor Suppression Device
,” Rob. Auton. Syst.
, 91
, pp. 38
–48
.10.1016/j.robot.2016.12.00967.
Zhou
, Y.
, Naish
, M. D.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2018
, “Development and Validation of a Finger Tremor Simulator
,” IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering (CCECE
), Quebec, QC, Canada, May 13–16, pp. 1
–4
.10.1109/CCECE.2018.844759568.
Zhou
, Y.
, Jenkins
, M. E.
, Naish
, M. D.
, and Trejos
, A. L.
, 2018
, “Development of a Wearable Tremor Suppression Glove
,” IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob)
, Enschede, The Netherlands, Aug. 26–28, pp. 640
–645
.10.1109/BIOROB.2018.848719769.
Wang
, J.
, and Barry
, O. R.
, 2020
, “Multibody Analysis and Control of a Full-Wrist Exoskeleton for Tremor Alleviation
,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng.
, 142
(12
), p. 121008
.10.1115/1.404742470.
Gebai
, S.
, Hammoud
, M.
, and Khachfe
, H.
, 2018
, “Parametric Study of an Enhanced Passive Absorber Used for Tremor Suppression
,” Struct. Control Health Monit.
, 25
(7
), p. e2177
.10.1002/stc.217771.
Li
, J.-Q.
, 2011
, “Research on Tremor Suppression Robot and Key Techniques for Pathological Tremor
,” M.D. dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology
, Harbin, Hei Long Jiang
.72.
Rocon
, E.
, Ruiz
, A. F.
, Brunetti
, F.
, Pons
, J. L.
, Belda-Lois
, J. M.
, and Sanchez-Lacuesta
, J. J.
, 2006
, “On the Use of an Active Wearable Exoskeleton for Tremor Suppression Via Biomechanical Loading
,” IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
, Orlando, FL, May 15–19, pp. 3140
–3145
.10.1109/ROBOT.2006.164217973.
Hashemi
, S. M.
, Golnaraghi
, M. F.
, and Patla
, A. E.
, 2004
, “Tuned Vibration Absorber for Suppression of Rest Tremor in Parkinson's Disease
,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.
, 42
(1
), pp. 61
–70
.10.1007/BF0235101274.
MasoumiI
, M. M.
, 2018
, “Passive Hand Tremor Attenuator: Magnetic Spring
,” M.D. dissertation
, University of British Columbia
, Vancouver, BC, Canada
.10.14288/1.036876975.
Yi
, A.
, and Zhang
, D.
, 2019
, “A Type of Light Hand Exoskeleton Based on Linear Motor
,” Mach. Des. Res.
, 35
(5
), pp. 18
–23
.76.
Rudraraju
, S.
, and Nguyen
, T.
, 2018
, “Wearable Tremor Reduction Device (TRD) for Human Hands and Arms
,” ASME
Paper No. DMD2018-6918.10.1115/DMD2018-691877.
Tao
, Y.
, 2012
, “Development of Magnetorheological Fluid Damper for Pathological Tremor Suppression
,” M.D. dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology
, Harbin, Hei Long Jiang
.78.
Xie
, S.
, Yi
, W.
, Yang
, M.
, and Chen
, Y.
, 2022
, “Research on Simulation and Optimal Design of a Miniature Magnetorheological Fluid Damper Used in Wearable Rehabilitation Training System
,” J. Biomed. Eng.
, 39
(6
), pp. 1133
–1139
.10.7507/1001-5515.20211206879.
Nguyen
, T.
, Bapat
, S.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2016
, “Modelling of a Magnetorheological Fluid Knee in a Prosthetic Leg
,” ASME
Paper No. IMECE2016-67798.10.1115/IMECE2016-6779880.
Suárez
, A.
, and Bapat
, S.
, 2015
, “Design and Experimental Analysis of a Biomedical Prosthetic Knee With Magnetorheological Fluid
,” ASME
Paper No. SMASIS2015-8974.10.1115/SMASIS2015-897481.
Zahedi
, A.
, Zhang
, B.
, Yi
, A.
, and Zhang
, D.
, 2021
, “A Soft Exoskeleton for Tremor Suppression Equipped With Flexible Semiactive Actuator
,” Soft Rob.
, 8
(4
), pp. 432
–447
.10.1089/soro.2019.019482.
Talaei
, F.
, and Kargar
, S. M.
, 2023
, “Design and Fabrication of a Device for Reducing Hand Tremor in Parkinson Patients During Eating
,” J. Med. Signals Sens.
, 13
(1
), pp. 21
–28
.10.4103/jmss.jmss_116_2183.
Abbasi
, M.
, Afsharfard
, A.
, Arasteh
, R.
, and Safaie
, J.
, 2018
, “Design of a Noninvasive and Smart Hand Tremor Attenuation System With Active Control: A Simulation Study
,” Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.
, 56
(7
), pp. 1315
–1324
.10.1007/s11517-017-1769-984.
Abbasi
, M.
, and Afsharfard
, A.
, 2018
, “Modeling and Experimental Study of a Hand Tremor Suppression System
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 126
, pp. 189
–200
.10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2018.04.00985.
Shah
, M.
, Goode
, D.
, and Mohammadi
, H.
, 2023
, “Computational Study and Validation of a Novel Passive Hand Tremor Attenuator
,” J. Med. Eng. Technol.
, 47
(3
), pp. 157
–164
.10.1080/03091902.2022.213448286.
Jub-Qiang
, L.
, Juan
, W.
, and Yong-Sheng
, G.
, 2012
, “Research on the Tremor Suppression Test System for the Tremor Suppression Robot
,” Mach. Des. Manuf.
, 2012(4), pp. 165
–167
.87.
Bo
, Y.
, 2010
, “Research on Control Strategy for The Wearable Tremor Suppression Rehabiltation Robotics
,” M.D. dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology
, Harbin, He Long Jiang
.88.
Jie
, Z.
, Junqiang
, L.
, Xizhe
, Z.
, and Yanhe
, Z.
, 2010
, “Magnetic Circuit Design and Mechanical Performance Study for a MR Damper
,” J. Vib. Shock
, 29
(11
), pp. 139
–142
.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289893744_Magnetic_circuit_design_and_mechanical_performance_study_for_a_MR_damper89.
Wang
, J.
, Barry
, O.
, Kurdila
, A.
, and Vijayan
, S.
, 2019
, “On the Dynamics and Control of a Full Wrist Exoskeleton for Tremor Alleviation
,” ASME
Paper No. DSCC2019-9118.10.1115/DSCC2019-911890.
Wirekoh
, J.
, Parody
, N.
, Riviere
, C. N.
, and Park
, Y.
, 2021
, “Design of Fiber-Reinforced Soft Bending Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Wearable Tremor Suppression Devices
,” Smart Mater. Struct.
, 30
(1
), p. 015013
.10.1088/1361-665X/abc06291.
Yap
, H. K.
, Kamaldin
, N.
, Lim
, J. H.
, Nasrallah
, F. A.
, Goh
, J. C. H.
, and Yeow
, C. H.
, 2017
, “A Magnetic Resonance Compatible Soft Wearable Robotic Glove for Hand Rehabilitation and Brain Imaging
,” IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.
, 25
(6
), pp. 782
–793
.10.1109/TNSRE.2016.2602941
