... design engineering hybrid electric vehicles integer programming minimisation search problems global optimization MINLP plug-in hybrid electric vehicle vehicle design greenhouse gas emissions global warming transportation life cycle assessment Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles...

...Srinivas Kota; Amaresh Chakrabarti Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to estimate a product’s environmental impact. Using LCA during the earlier stages of design may produce erroneous results since information available on the product’s lifecycle is typically incomplete at these stages...

... of office staplers for reduced carbon footprint has been selected as a case study to demonstrate the use of the proposed approach. Life cycle assessment results confirm that the new stapler design generated using this methodology promotes improved environmental performance. Existing pipeline...