... partial transient liquid phase diffusion bonding. Diffusion of Fe, Cr, Ni, and Zr has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy examinations and energy dispersive spectroscopy elemental analyses. Results showed that control of heating and cooling rate and 20 min soaking at 1223 K produces...

... failure (mechanical) forming processes glow discharges inclusions metallurgy microcracks scanning electron microscopy sheet metal processing voids (solid) sheet-bulk forming strain localization ductile fracture shear modified Gurson model DC04 The demand of load-adapted products...

... necessary. laser small hole alumina residual stress alumina finite element analysis internal stresses laser beam cutting scanning electron microscopy thermal stresses tiles X-ray diffraction 13 05 2010 25 02 2011 23 03 2011 23 03 2011 2011 American...

... region were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction. In the process, a carbon film was formed at the workpiece surface prior to laser processing and the laser scanning speed was kept constant during the process. It was found that the laser treated layer...

... (PCBN) cutting inserts by means of diffusion bonding. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to examine thin film sensor and host material interactions at the bonding interface and to determine optimal bonding parameters. The thin film microthermal sensors were statically and dynamically...

... industries microfabrication scanning electron microscopy laser shock microforming high strain rate fracture forming limit diagram thin film Microscale laser dynamic forming (LDF) is a novel microfabrication technique to produce 3D microstructures with a complicated shape in thin foils...

... 2010 nanofabrication nanolithography nanostructured materials photonic crystals scanning electron microscopy Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) techniques were regarded as parallel nanofabrication methods for high-resolution and high-aspect-ratio features ( 1 2 3 ). NIL has...

... scanning electron microscopy Laser machining has been proven to be a versatile and reliable technology in manufacturing for many years ( 1 ). As the demand of microfeatures grows in recent years, lasers with short pulses (nanosecond (ns), ps, and femtosecond (fs)) have become the popular means...

... are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and compared with simulation results. With the verified model, the ultrafast μ LDF process is generally discussed first. A series of numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of critical parameters on deformation behaviors. These critical...

... friction stir welding, with researchers indicating that heat generation under a larger tool shoulder diameter is the major aspect ( 1 2 ). computerised numerical control copper friction welding micromechanics milling machines plates (structures) scanning electron microscopy 02 02...

... alumina computational fluid dynamics flow simulation machining manufacturing industries membranes microemulsions particle size recycling scanning electron microscopy The machining industry relies on metalworking fluids (MWFs) in processes such as milling, drilling, and grinding...

... membranes. 29 01 2008 08 05 2008 17 07 2008 alumina ceramics coolants maintenance engineering membranes metalworking microfiltration particle size measurement probability recycling scanning electron microscopy sintering microfiltration metalworking fluids cutting...

... to 2 μ m . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the first time to examine chip morphology. It was hypothesized that the single-crystal cutting process involves a periodic chip-formation behavior referred to as shear-front lamella ( 23 24 25 ). The compression ahead of the tool...

... evaluated for their morphology and compressive properties using scanning electron microscopy and the mechanical testing. In vitro cell-scaffold interaction study was carried out using primary fetal bovine osteoblasts. The cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by Alamar Blue assay...

... of 1.5 - 2.5 μ m . Finally, suggestions for future work are presented that could potentially ameliorate current process problems. 08 12 2005 27 08 2006 surface roughness machining biotechnology microorganisms copper polishing scanning electron microscopy The use...

... ) the amount of area porosity was about 300 μ m 2 of pores per 35,0000 μ m 2 of the area or 0.086%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on sample #1 was done using a Hitachi S–3500N variable-pressure scanning electron microscope. The SEM micrographs representing the circled part...

... 04 2005 polymers adhesives automobile manufacture adhesive bonding assembling curing adhesion crystal microstructure fracture voids (solid) hardening scanning electron microscopy automobile industry heat treatment noncrystalline defects In recent years, adhesive joining...

... silicon compounds ceramics cutting tools fibres micromachining punching pressing sheet metal processing materials testing foils scanning electron microscopy Micromachining is one of the most interesting technologies in both the industry and academic societies and is expected to develop...

...Frank C. Gift,, Jr.; Wojciech Z. Misiolek The performance of three water-based grinding fluids was analyzed and compared to a neat oil tested under the same process conditions. Light optical and scanning electron microscopy observations show the mechanism of metal deposition that leads to CBN wheel...

.... For the transport of unused semi-synthetic MWF through microfiltration membranes ranging in pore size from 0.2 to 5.0 micrometers, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) are used to identify three interdependent and sequential mechanisms of flux decline: pore...