...) simulation of the single-grain grinding (SGG) is conducted to obtain the critical plowing depth and the SGG force at an arbitrary cutting depth. Based on the randomly distributed abrasive grains, the equivalent grinding heat source model, the equivalent SGG plowing force model, and the equivalent nominal...

... of abrasive grains for minimized carbon emissions while maintaining surface quality. First, the carbon emissions boundary is defined, and a carbon emissions calculation model is established from a macroperspective. As each grain contributes to the total carbon emissions, the behavior of grains during honing...