Recently, two-phase cryogenic flow boiling data in liquid nitrogen (LN2) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) were compared to the most popular two-phase correlations, as well as correlations used in two of the most widely used commercially available thermal/fluid design codes in Hartwig et al. (2016, “Assessment of Existing Two Phase Heat Transfer Coefficient and Critical Heat Flux on Cryogenic Flow Boiling Quenching Experiments,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 93, pp. 441–463). Results uncovered that the correlations performed poorly, with predictions significantly higher than the data. Disparity is primarily due to the fact that most two-phase correlations are based on room temperature fluids, and for the heating configuration, not the quenching configuration. The penalty for such poor predictive tools is higher margin, safety factor, and cost. Before control algorithms for cryogenic transfer systems can be implemented, it is first required to develop a set of low-error, fundamental two-phase heat transfer correlations that match available cryogenic data. This paper presents the background for developing a new set of quenching/chilldown correlations for cryogenic pipe flow on thin, shorter lines, including the results of an exhaustive literature review of 61 sources. New correlations are presented which are based on the consolidated database of 79,915 quenching points for a 1.27 cm diameter line, covering a wide range of inlet subcooling, mass flux, pressure, equilibrium quality, flow direction, and even gravity level. Functional forms are presented for LN2 and LH2 chilldown correlations, including film, transition, and nucleate boiling, critical heat flux, and the Leidenfrost point.
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Two-Phase Pipe Quenching Correlations for Liquid Nitrogen and Liquid Hydrogen
S. R. Darr,
S. R. Darr
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
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J. W. Hartwig,
J. W. Hartwig
Cryogenic and Fluid Systems Branch,
NASA Glenn Research Center,
Cleveland, OH 44135
e-mail: jason.w.hartwig@nasa.gov
NASA Glenn Research Center,
Cleveland, OH 44135
e-mail: jason.w.hartwig@nasa.gov
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J. Dong,
J. Dong
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
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H. Wang,
H. Wang
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
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A. K. Majumdar,
A. K. Majumdar
Thermal and Combustion Analysis Branch,
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
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A. C. LeClair,
A. C. LeClair
Thermal and Combustion Analysis Branch,
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
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J. N. Chung
J. N. Chung
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
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S. R. Darr
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
J. W. Hartwig
Cryogenic and Fluid Systems Branch,
NASA Glenn Research Center,
Cleveland, OH 44135
e-mail: jason.w.hartwig@nasa.gov
NASA Glenn Research Center,
Cleveland, OH 44135
e-mail: jason.w.hartwig@nasa.gov
J. Dong
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
H. Wang
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
A. K. Majumdar
Thermal and Combustion Analysis Branch,
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
A. C. LeClair
Thermal and Combustion Analysis Branch,
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, AL 35812
J. N. Chung
Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
Aerospace Engineering,
University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL 32611
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received January 30, 2018; final manuscript received October 24, 2018; published online February 27, 2019. Editor: Portonovo S. Ayyaswamy. This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's contributions.
J. Heat Transfer. Apr 2019, 141(4): 042901 (18 pages)
Published Online: February 27, 2019
Article history
Received:
January 30, 2018
Revised:
October 24, 2018
Citation
Darr, S. R., Hartwig, J. W., Dong, J., Wang, H., Majumdar, A. K., LeClair, A. C., and Chung, J. N. (February 27, 2019). "Two-Phase Pipe Quenching Correlations for Liquid Nitrogen and Liquid Hydrogen." ASME. J. Heat Transfer. April 2019; 141(4): 042901. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4041830
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