It is shown that the gravity-induced draining of liquid from a tank does not cease when the pressure differential at the outlet is zero if the liquid level is still above the outlet. Instead, either air or exterior liquid is ingested, depending on whether or not the tank outlet is submerged. Analytical models are developed to predict both the onset of ingestion and the subsequent discharge rates; experimental results are used to guide these developments. The models are shown to agree well with tests of draining during air ingestion and during water ingestion when the tank liquid is denser than water. When the tank liquid is less dense than water, however, the predictions of water ingestion are only in qualitative agreement with tests. Some possible reasons for this discrepancy are advanced.
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March 1982
Research Papers
Draining of Tanks With Submerged Outlets or Without Vacuum-Relief
Franklin T. Dodge,
Franklin T. Dodge
Department of Mechanical Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228
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Edgar B. Bowles
Edgar B. Bowles
Department of Mechanical Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228
Search for other works by this author on:
Franklin T. Dodge
Department of Mechanical Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228
Edgar B. Bowles
Department of Mechanical Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228
J. Fluids Eng. Mar 1982, 104(1): 67-71 (5 pages)
Published Online: March 1, 1982
Article history
Received:
October 20, 1980
Online:
October 26, 2009
Citation
Dodge, F. T., and Bowles, E. B. (March 1, 1982). "Draining of Tanks With Submerged Outlets or Without Vacuum-Relief." ASME. J. Fluids Eng. March 1982; 104(1): 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3240858
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