Abstract

This article explores the exergy analysis of the diesel engine with the selected Spirulina microalgae bio-oil (SMBO) biodiesel. The adaptability of the biofuels as an efficient replacement to the fossil fuel has to be tested and proved. To estimate the overall efficiency of the engine with the biofuel blends, it is essential to find out the energy conversion capability of the engine. Different fuel blends were taken as B0 (100% diesel), B10 (10% SMBO + 90% diesel), B20 (20% SMBO + 80% diesel), and B30 (30% SMBO + 70% diesel). All experimental tests were conducted in a naturally aspirated directly injected engine. The brake power (BP), heat release rate (HRR), exergy destruction, ideal efficiency, actual efficiency, exergy rate and energy rate of the fuel, as well as exhaust were measured for all fuel blends. All tests were conducted at different rpm values from 0 to 3000 rpm with 500 rpm interval and also at different loads such as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% load. The loss of exergy of fuel and thermal was on the rise and noticed in B0, B10, B20, and B30, while the HRR and loss of exergy rate were found in exhaust as more decreasing one in B10, B20, and B30 fuel blends than B0 (pure diesel).

Issue Section:
Fuel Combustion
Keywords:
exergy, energy analysis, microalgae, Spirulina, diesel engine, air emissions from fossil fuel combustion, alternative energy sources, combustion of waste/fluidized bed, renewable energy
Topics:
Engines, Exergy, Exhaust systems, Fuels, Exergy analysis, Stress

References

1.
Goh
,
B. H.
,
Ong
,
H. C.
,
Cheah
,
M. Y.
,
Chen
,
W. H.
,
Yu
,
K. L.
, and
Mahlia
,
T. M.
,
2019
, “
Sustainability of Direct Biodiesel Synthesis From Microalgae Biomass: A Critical Review
,”
Renew. Sust. Energy Rev.
,
107
, pp.
59
–
74
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
2.
Najjar
,
Y. S. H.
, and
Abu-Shamleh
,
A.
,
2020
, “
Harvesting of Microalgae by Centrifugation for Biodiesel Production: A Review
,”
Algal Res.
,
51
, p.
102046
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
3.
Maroušek
,
J.
,
Rowland
,
Z.
,
Valášková
,
K.
, and
Král
,
P.
,
2020
, “
Techno-Economic Assessment of Potato Waste Management in Developing Economies
,”
Clean Technol. Environ. Policy
, pp.
1
–
8
.
4.
Maroušek
,
J.
,
Bartoš
,
P.
,
Filip
,
M.
,
Kolář
,
L.
,
Konvalina
,
P.
,
Maroušková
,
A.
,
Moudrý
,
J.
,
Peterka
,
J.
,
Šál
,
J.
,
Šoch
,
M.
, and
Stehel
,
V.
,
2020
, “
Advances in the Agrochemical Utilization of Fermentation Residues Reduce the Cost of Purpose-Grown Phytomass for Biogas Production
,”
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, Environ. Effects
, pp.
1
–
1
.
5.
Embong
,
N. H.
,
Hindryawati
,
N.
,
Bhuyar
,
P.
,
Govindan
,
N.
,
Rahim
,
M. H.
, and
Maniam
,
G. P.
,
2021
, “
Enhanced Biodiesel Production via Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Using Rice Husk Ash (NiSO4)/SiO2 Catalyst
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
9
.
6.
Eswaran
,
A.
,
Muthukrishnan
,
S.
,
Mathaiyan
,
M.
,
Pradeepkumar
,
S.
,
Mari
,
K. R.
, and
Manogaran
,
P.
,
2021
, “
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Hepatoprotective Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Pre-Formulated Liv-Pro-08 Poly-Herbal Formulation
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
3
.
7.
Maroušek
,
J.
,
Maroušková
,
A.
, and
Kůs
,
T.
,
2020
, “
Shower Cooler Reduces Pollutants Release in Production of Competitive Cement Substitute at Low Cost
,”
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, Environ. Effects
, pp.
1
–
0
.
8.
Chinnathambi
,
A.
,
Vasantharaj
,
S.
,
Saravanan
,
M.
,
Sathiyavimal
,
S.
,
Duc
,
P. A.
,
Nasif
,
O.
,
Alharbi
,
S. A.
,
Chi
,
N. T.
, and
Brindhadevi
,
K.
,
2021
, “
Biosynthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles by Acalypha Indica; Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
8
.
9.
Maroušek
,
J.
,
Myšková
,
K.
, and
Žák
,
J.
,
2015
, “
Managing Environmental Innovation: Case Study on Biorefinery Concept
,”
Rev. Técnica Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad del Zulia.
,
38
, pp.
216
–
220
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
10.
Gaikwad
,
P. U.
,
Gnanamani
,
S.
, and
Subramani
,
N.
,
2021
, “
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of the Piston Engine Fueled With Alternative Fuel Blends: CFD Approach
,”
Aircraft Eng. Aerospace Technol.
,
93
(
3
), pp.
502
–
507
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
11.
Devi
,
B.
,
Venkatesh
,
S.
,
Vimal
,
R.
, and
Praveenkumar
,
T. R.
,
2020
, “
Influence of High Oxygenated Biofuels on Micro-Gas Turbine Engine for Reduced Emission
,”
Aircraft Eng. Aerospace Technol.
12.
Anderson
,
A.
,
Karthikeyan
,
A.
,
Ramachandran
,
S.
, and
Praveenkumar
,
T. R.
,
2020
, “
Lowest Emission Sustainable Aviation Biofuels as the Potential Replacement for the Jet-A Fuels
,”
Aircraft Eng. Aerospace Technol.
13.
Manigandan
,
S.
,
Praveenkumar
,
T. R.
, and
Brindhadevi
,
K.
,
2021
, “
A Review on Role of Nitrous Oxide Nanoparticles, Potential Vaccine Targets, Drug, Health Care and Artificial Intelligence to Combat COVID-19
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
8
.
14.
Rao
,
M. S.
,
Vijayalakshmi
,
M. M.
, and
Praveenkumar
,
T. R.
,
2021
, “
Behaviour of Green Concrete (Blended Concrete) Using Agro-Industrial Waste as Partial Replacement of Cement Along With Nanoparticles
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
9
.
15.
Chiranjeevi
,
K.
,
Vijayalakshmi
,
M. M.
, and
Praveenkumar
,
T. R.
,
2021
, “
Investigation of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Using Nano Particles
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
8
.
16.
Senthilkumar
,
A.
,
Anderson
,
A.
, and
Sekar
,
M.
,
2021
, “
Performance Analysis of R600a Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using CuO/Al2O3 Hybrid Nanolubricants
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
7
.
17.
Rangabashiam
,
D.
,
Ramachandran
,
S.
, and
Sekar
,
M.
,
2021
, “
Effect of Al2O3 and MgO Nanofluids in Heat Pipe Solar Collector for Improved Efficiency
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
0
.
18.
Sneha
,
J. A.
, and
Chakravarthi
,
R.
,
2021
, “
Identification, Behavior Analysis, and Control of Snail Pest in Agricultural Fields Using Signal Analysis and Nanoparticles
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
0
.
19.
Al-Kheraif
,
A. A.
,
Syed
,
A.
,
Elgorban
,
A. M.
,
Divakar
,
D. D.
,
Shanmuganathan
,
R.
, and
Brindhadevi
,
K.
,
2021
, “
Experimental Assessment of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled by Combined Non-Edible Blends With Nanoparticles
,”
Fuel
,
295
, p.
120590
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
20.
Van Hung
,
T.
,
Alkhamis
,
H. H.
,
Alrefaei
,
A. F.
,
Sohret
,
Y.
, and
Brindhadevi
,
K.
,
2021
, “
Prediction of Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Experimental and Artificial Neural Networks
,”
Appl. Nanosci.
, pp.
1
–
0
.
21.
Jiaqiang
,
E.
,
Liu
,
G.
,
Zhang
,
Z.
,
Han
,
D.
,
Chen
,
J.
,
Wei
,
K.
,
Gong
,
J.
, and
Yin
,
Z.
,
2019
, “
Effect Analysis on Cold Starting Performance Enhancement of a Diesel Engine Fueled With Biodiesel Fuel Based on an Improved Thermodynamic Model
,”
Appl. Energy
,
243
, pp.
321
–
335
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
22.
Sanli
,
B. G.
,
Özcanli
,
M.
, and
Serin
,
H.
,
2020
, “
Assessment of Thermodynamic Performance of an IC Engine Using Microalgae Biodiesel at Various Ambient Temperatures
,”
Fuel
,
277
, p.
118108
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
23.
Liu
,
R.
,
Zhao
,
W.
,
Wang
,
Z.
, and
Liu
,
X.
,
2020
, “
Investigation on Performance and Combustion of Compression Ignition Aviation Piston Engine Burning Biodiesel and Diesel
,”
Aircraft Eng. Aerospace Technol.
,
93
(
3
), pp.
384
–
393
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
24.
Akçay
,
I. H.
,
Gürbüz
,
H.
,
Akçay
,
H.
, and
Aldemir
,
M.
,
2021
, “
An Investigation of Euro Diesel-Hydrogen Dual-Fuel Combustion at Different Speeds in a Small Turbojet Engine
,”
Aircraft Eng. Aerospace Technol.
25.
Jayaseelan
,
G. A.
,
Anderson
,
A.
,
Manigandan
,
S.
,
Elfasakhany
,
A.
, and
Dhinakaran
,
V.
,
2021
, “
Effect of Engine Parameters, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine With Dual Fuel Operation
,”
Fuel
,
302
, p.
121152
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
26.
Manigandan
,
S.
,
Gunasekar
,
P.
,
Praveenkumar
,
T. R.
,
Sabir
,
J. S.
,
Mathimani
,
T.
,
Pugazhendhi
,
A.
, and
Brindhadevi
,
K.
,
2021
, “
Performance, Noise and Emission Characteristics of DI Engine Using Canola and Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel Blends Using Soluble Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
,”
Fuel
,
289
, p.
119829
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
27.
Odibi
,
C.
,
Babaie
,
M.
,
Zare
,
A.
,
Nabi
,
M. N.
,
Bodisco
,
T. A.
, and
Brown
,
R. J.
,
2019
, “
Exergy Analysis of a Diesel Engine With Waste Cooking Biodiesel and Triacetin
,”
Energy Conversion Manage.
,
198
, p.
111912
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
28.
Jannatkhah
,
J.
,
Najafi
,
B.
, and
Ghaebi
,
H.
,
2020
, “
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Combined ORC–ERC System for Biodiesel-Fed Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery
,”
Energy Conversion Manage
,
209
, p.
112658
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
29.
Şanli
,
B. G.
, and
Uludamar
,
E.
,
2020
, “
Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Diesel Engine Fuelled With Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels at Various Engine Speeds
,”
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, Environ. Effects
,
42
(
11
), pp.
1299
–
1313
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
30.
Beigzadeh
,
M.
,
Pourfayaz
,
F.
,
Ghazvini
,
M.
, and
Ahmadi
,
M. H.
,
2021
, “
Energy and Exergy Analyses of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Fed by Different Renewable Biofuels: A Comparative Study
,”
J. Cleaner Production
,
280
, p.
124383
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
31.
Nayak
,
S. K.
,
Hoang
,
A. T.
,
Nayak
,
B.
, and
Mishra
,
P. C.
,
2021
, “
Influence of Fish Oil and Waste Cooking Oil as Post Mixed Binary Biodiesel Blends on Performance Improvement and Emission Reduction in Diesel Engine
,”
Fuel
,
289
, p.
119948
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
32.
Balasubramanian
,
D.
,
Hoang
,
A. T.
,
Venugopal
,
I. P.
,
Shanmugam
,
A.
,
Gao
,
J.
, and
Wongwuttanasatian
,
T.
,
2021
, “
Numerical and Experimental Evaluation on the Pooled Effect of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel/Diesel Blends and Exhaust Gas Recirculation in a Twin-Cylinder Diesel Engine
,”
Fuel
,
287
, p.
119815
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
33.
Nabi
,
M. N.
,
Rasul
,
M. G.
,
Arefin
,
M. A.
,
Akram
,
M. W.
,
Islam
,
M. T.
, and
Chowdhury
,
M. W.
,
2021
, “
Investigation of Major Factors That Cause Diesel NOx Formation and Assessment of Energy and Exergy Parameters Using e-Diesel Blends
,”
Fuel
,
292
, p.
120298
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
34.
Hao
,
J.
,
Xiao
,
J.
,
Song
,
G.
, and
Zhang
,
Q.
,
2021
, “
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Bio-Jet Fuel Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass via Aqueous Conversion
,”
Case Studies Therm. Eng.
,
26
, p.
101006
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
35.
Sharma
,
P. K.
,
Sharma
,
D.
,
Soni
,
S. L.
,
Jhalani
,
A.
,
Singh
,
D.
, and
Sharma
,
S.
,
2020
, “
Energy, Exergy, and Emission Analysis of a Hydroxyl Fueled Compression Ignition Engine Under Dual Fuel Mode
,”
Fuel
,
265
, p.
116923
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
36.
Hoang
,
A. T.
,
Nižetić
,
S.
,
Ong
,
H. C.
,
Tarelko
,
W.
,
Le
,
T. H.
,
Chau
,
M. Q.
, and
Nguyen
,
X. P.
,
2021
, “
A Review on Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled With Biodiesel-Based Fuels
,”
Sust. Energy Technol. Assessments
,
47
, p.
101416
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
Copyright © 2021 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.