Abstract

This paper presents an approach for computing the long duration availability of semitransparent photovoltaic system by steady-state analysis. This method employs the Markov process with constant transition rates and different degradation states for similar components and fixed configuration. In this research, average output power from modules is presented, which is considered in the same state with respect to the constant transient transition rate and variable repair rate. The output energy for 20 years with transition and absorbing time of single semitransparent photovoltaic module has been estimated for steady-state condition. This method includes all possibilities of failures associated with the operation of the semitransparent photovoltaic system.

References

1.
Charki
,
A.
, and
Bigaud
,
D.
,
2013
, “
Availability Estimation of a Photovoltaic System
,”
2013 Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)
,
Orlando, FL
, INSPEC Accession Number: 13519024.
2.
Lorande
,
R.
,
Charki
,
A.
,
Biguad
,
D.
,
Elsayed
,
E. A.
, and
Excoffier
,
P.
,
2011
, “
Reliability and Availability Estimation of a Photovoltaic System Using Petri Networks
,”
Proceedings of ESREL
,
Troyes, France
,
Sept. 18–22
10.1201/b11433-371.
3.
Theristis
,
M.
, and
Papazoglou
,
I. A.
,
2014
, “
Markovian Reliability Analysis of Standalone Photovoltaic Systems Incorporating Repairs
,”
IEEE J. Photovolt
,
4
(
1
), pp.
414
422
. 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2284852
4.
Gupta
,
H.
, and
Sharma
,
J.
,
1979
, “
A Method of Symbolic Steady-State Availability Evaluation of k-out-of-n: G System
,”
IEEE Trans. Reliab.
,
R-28
(
1
), pp.
56
57
. 10.1109/TR.1979.5220475
5.
Marvin
,
R.
, and
Arnljot
,
H.
,
2004
,
System Reliability Theory: Models, Statistical Methods, and Applications
, 2nd ed.,
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
,
New York
.
6.
International Electrotechnical Commission
,
2004
, “
Universal Model for Reliability Prediction of Electronics Components, PCBs and Equipment, Reliability Data Handbook
,”
Geneva, Switzerland
, Technical Report No. IEC62380.
7.
Foucher
,
B.
,
Boulli
,
J.
,
Mesletand
,
B.
, and
Das
,
D.
,
2002
, “
A Review of Reliability Prediction Methods for Electronic Devices
,”
Microelect. Rel.
,
42
(
8
), pp.
1155
1162
. 10.1016/S0026-2714(02)00087-2
8.
Laukamp
,
H.
,
2002
, “
Reliability Study of Grid-Connected PV Systems: Field Experience and Recommended Design Practice
,”
International Energy Agency
, Report IEA-PVPS T7-08: 2002.
9.
Vazquez
,
M.
, and
Rey-Stolle
,
I.
,
2008
, “
Photovoltaic Module Reliability Model Based on Field Degradation Studies
,”
Prog. Photov. Res. Appl.
,
16
, pp.
419
433
. 10.1002/pip.825
10.
International Electrotechnical Commission
,
2007
, “
Application of Markov Techniques
,” 2nd ed.,
Geneva, Switzerland
, Technical Report No. IEC-61165.
11.
Diaz
,
P.
,
Egido
,
M. A.
, and
Nieuwenhout
,
F.
,
2007
, “
Dependability Analysis of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems
,”
Prog. Photov. Res. Appl.
,
15
, pp.
245
264
. 10.1002/pip.719
12.
Charki
,
A.
,
Laronde
,
R.
, and
Bigaud
,
D.
,
2013
, “
The Time-Variant Degradation of a Photovoltaic System
,”
ASME J. Sol Energy Eng.
,
135
(
2
), p.
024503
. 10.1115/1.4007771
13.
Laronde
,
R.
,
Charki
,
A.
, and
Bigaud
,
D.
,
2013
, “
Lifetime Estimation of a Photovoltaic Module Subjected to Corrosion due to Damp Heat Testing
,”
ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng.
,
135
(
2
), p.
021010
. 10.1115/1.4023101
14.
Wohlgemuth
,
J. H.
, and
Kurtz
,
S.
,
2011
, “
Reliability Testing Beyond Qualification as a Key Component in Photovoltaic’s Progress Toward Grid Parity
,”
Proceedings in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium
,
Monterey, CA,
Apr. 10–14
, p.
5E.3.1-6
.
15.
Laronde
,
R.
,
Charki
,
A.
, and
Bigaud
,
D.
,
2010
, “
Reliability of Photovoltaic Modules Based on Climatic Measurement Data
,”
Int. J. Metrology Quality Eng.
,
1
(
1
), pp.
45
49
. 10.1051/ijmqe/2010012
16.
Charki
,
A.
,
Laronde
,
R.
, and
Bigaud
,
D.
,
2013
, “
Accelerated Degradation Testing of a Photovoltaic Module
,”
J. Photonics Energy
,
3
(
1
), p.
033099
. 10.1117/1.JPE.3.033099
17.
Maish
,
A. B.
,
Atcitty
,
C.
,
Hester
,
S.
,
Greenberg
,
D.
,
Osborn
,
D.
,
Collier
,
D.
, and
Brine
,
M.
,
1997
, “
Photovoltaic System Reliability
,”
Proceedings in 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
,
Anaheim, CA,
Sept. 29–Oct. 3
,
pp.
1049
1054
.
18.
Realini
,
A.
,
Cereghetti
,
N.
,
Chianese
,
D.
,
Rezzonico
,
S.
, and
Bura
,
E.
,
2002
,
The Mean Time Before Failure of the Photovoltaic Modules (MTBF-PVm)
, Annual Report 2002, pp.
S-1
S-8
. C.P. 110,
6952 Canobbio, Switzerland
.
19.
Cristaldi
,
L.
,
Khalil
,
M.
,
Faifer
,
M.
, and
Soulatiantork
,
P.
,
2015
, “
Markov Process Reliability Model for Photovoltaic Module Encapsulation Failures
,”
Proceedings in International Conference on Renewable Energy Resources and Applications (ICRERA)
,
Palermo, Italy
,
Nov. 22–25
, pp.
203
208
. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418696
20.
Xu
,
Y.
, and
Liao
,
H.
,
2016
, “
Reliability Analysis and Redundancy Allocation for a One-Shot System Containing Multifunctional Components
,”
IEEE Trans. Reliab.
,
65
(
2
), pp.
1045
1057
. 10.1109/TR.2015.2484064
21.
Tekiner-Mogulkoc
,
H.
, and
Coit
,
D. W.
,
2011
, “
System Reliability Optimization Considering Uncertainty: Minimization of the Coefficient of Variation for Series-Parallel Systems
,”
IEEE Trans. Reliab.
,
60
(
3
), pp.
667
674
. 10.1109/TR.2011.2161029
22.
Si
,
X. S.
,
Wang
,
W.
,
Hu
,
C. H.
,
Zhou
,
D. H.
, and
Pecht
,
M. G.
,
2012
, “
Remaining Useful Life Estimation Based on a Nonlinear Diffusion Degradation Process
,”
IEEE Trans. Reliab.
,
61
(
1
), pp.
50
67
. 10.1109/TR.2011.2182221
23.
Peng
,
W.
,
Shen
,
L.
,
Shen
,
Y.
, and
Sun
,
Q.
,
2018
, “
Reliability Analysis of Repairable Systems With Recurrent Misuse-Induced Failures and Normal-Operation Failures
,”
Rel. Eng. Syst. Saf.
,
171
, pp.
87
98
. 10.1016/j.ress.2017.11.016
24.
Hong
,
L.
,
Zhai
,
Q.
,
Wang
,
X.
, and
Ye
,
Z. S.
,
2019
, “
System Reliability Evaluation Under Dynamic Operating Conditions
,”
IEEE Trans. Rel.
,
68
(
3
), pp.
800
809
. 10.1109/TR.2018.2869572
25.
Kong
,
Y.
, and
Ye
,
Z. S.
,
2016
, “
A Cumulative-Exposure-Based Algorithm for Failure Data From a Load-Sharing System
,”
IEEE Trans. Rel.
,
65
(
2
), pp.
1001
1013
. 10.1109/TR.2015.2504727
26.
Hong
,
L.
,
Ye
,
Z. S.
, and
Sari
,
J. K.
,
2018
, “
Interval Estimation for Wiener Processes Based on Accelerated Degradation Test Data
,”
IISE Trans.
,
50
(
12
), pp.
1043
1057
. 10.1080/24725854.2018.1468121
27.
Agarwal
,
S.
,
2011
, “
Experimental Validation of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Air Collectors: A Comparative Study
,” Ph.D. thesis,
IIT Delhi
,
India
.
You do not currently have access to this content.