Gas–solid fluidized bed reactors play an important role in many industrial applications. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge of the processes occurring inside the bed, which impedes proper design and upscaling. In this work, numerical approaches in the Eulerian and the Lagrangian framework are compared and applied in order to investigate internal fluidized bed phenomena. The considered system uses steam/air/nitrogen as fluidization gas, entering the three-dimensional geometry through a Tuyere nozzle distributor, and calcium oxide/corundum/calcium carbonate as solid bed material. In the two-fluid model (TFM) and the multifluid model (MFM), both gas and powder are modeled as Eulerian phases. The size distribution of the particles is approximated by one or more granular phases with corresponding mean diameters and a sphericity factor accounting for their nonspherical shape. The solid–solid and fluid–solid interactions are considered by incorporating the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) and a drag model, which is modified by the aforementioned sphericity factor. The dense discrete phase model (DDPM) can be interpreted as a hybrid model, where the interactions are also modeled using the KTGF; however, the particles are clustered to parcels and tracked in a Lagrangian way, resulting in a more accurate and computational affordable resolution of the size distribution. In the computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) approach, particle collisions are calculated using the DEM. Thereby, more detailed interparticulate phenomena (e.g., cohesion) can be assessed. The three approaches (TFM, DDPM, CFD–DEM) are evaluated in terms of grid- and time-independency as well as computational demand. The TFM and CFD–DEM models show qualitative accordance and are therefore applied for further investigations. The MFM (as a variation of the TFM) is applied in order to simulate hydrodynamics and heat transfer to immersed objects in a small-scale experimental test rig because the MFM can handle the required small computational cells. Corundum is used as a nearly monodisperse powder, being more suitable for Eulerian models, and air is used as fluidization gas. Simulation results are compared to experimental data in order to validate the approach. The CFD–DEM model is applied in order to predict mixing behavior and cohesion effects of a polydisperse calcium carbonate powder in a larger scale energy storage reactor.
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July 2019
Research-Article
Numerical Approaches for Modeling Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Reactors: Comparison of Models and Application to Different Technical Problems
Peter Ostermeier,
Peter Ostermeier
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15,
Garching 85748, Germany
e-mail: peter.ostermeier@tum.de
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15,
Garching 85748, Germany
e-mail: peter.ostermeier@tum.de
1Corresponding author.
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Annelies Vandersickel,
Annelies Vandersickel
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Garching 85748, Germany
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15
,Garching 85748, Germany
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Stephan Gleis,
Stephan Gleis
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Garching 85748, Germany
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15
,Garching 85748, Germany
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Hartmut Spliethoff
Hartmut Spliethoff
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Garching 85748, Germany;
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15
,Garching 85748, Germany;
Bavarian Center for Applied Energy
Research (ZAE Bayern),
Garching 85748, Germany
Research (ZAE Bayern),
Walther-Meissner-Str. 6
,Garching 85748, Germany
Search for other works by this author on:
Peter Ostermeier
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15,
Garching 85748, Germany
e-mail: peter.ostermeier@tum.de
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15,
Garching 85748, Germany
e-mail: peter.ostermeier@tum.de
Annelies Vandersickel
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Garching 85748, Germany
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15
,Garching 85748, Germany
Stephan Gleis
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Garching 85748, Germany
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15
,Garching 85748, Germany
Hartmut Spliethoff
Institute for Energy Systems,
Technical University of Munich,
Garching 85748, Germany;
Technical University of Munich,
Boltzmannstr. 15
,Garching 85748, Germany;
Bavarian Center for Applied Energy
Research (ZAE Bayern),
Garching 85748, Germany
Research (ZAE Bayern),
Walther-Meissner-Str. 6
,Garching 85748, Germany
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Advanced Energy Systems Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY. Manuscript received June 14, 2018; final manuscript received March 15, 2019; published online April 19, 2019. Assoc. Editor: Ashwani K. Gupta.
J. Energy Resour. Technol. Jul 2019, 141(7): 070707 (10 pages)
Published Online: April 19, 2019
Article history
Received:
June 14, 2018
Revised:
March 15, 2019
Citation
Ostermeier, P., Vandersickel, A., Gleis, S., and Spliethoff, H. (April 19, 2019). "Numerical Approaches for Modeling Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Reactors: Comparison of Models and Application to Different Technical Problems." ASME. J. Energy Resour. Technol. July 2019; 141(7): 070707. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4043327
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