This paper presents an innovative undersea blowout preventer (BOP) using shape-memory alloy (SMA). The new device using SMA actuators could easily be implemented into existing conventional subsea control system so that they can work solely or as a backup of other methods. Most important, the innovative all-electric BOP will provide much faster response than its hydraulic counterpart and will improve safety for subsea drilling. To demonstrate the feasibility of such a device, a proof-of-concept prototype of a pipe RAM type BOP with SMA actuation has been designed, fabricated, and tested at the University of Houston. The BOP actuator uses strands of SMA wires to achieve large force and large displacement in a remarkably small space. Experimental results demonstrate that the BOP can be activated and fully closed in less than 10s. The concept of this innovative device is illustrated, and detailed comparisons of the response time for hydraulic and nitinol SMA actuation mechanisms are included. This preliminary research reveals the potential of smart material technology in subsea drilling systems.

1.
API Spec. 16D, 2004, API RP16E: Recommended Practice for Design of Control Systems for Drilling Well Control Equipment, Section 16E.3.1 2nd ed.
2.
BOP Diverter & Drilling Riser Sustem: System No. 12–30, pp.
12
40
.
3.
Brander
,
G.
,
Magne
,
E.
,
Newman
,
T.
,
Taklo
,
T.
, and
Mitchell
,
C.
, 2004, “
Drilling in Brazil in 2887m Water Depth Using a Surface BOP System and a DP Vessel
,” Paper No. IADC/SPE 87113.
4.
Simondin
,
A.
,
MacPherson
,
D.
,
Touboul
,
N.
, and
Ragnes
,
G.
, 2004, “
A Deepwater Well Construction Alternative: Surface BOP Drilling Concept Using Environmental Safe Guard
,”
IADC/SPE 87108 Drilling Conference
, Dallas, TX, Mar. 2–4.
5.
Curtiss
,
J. P.
, and
Buckley
,
M.
, 2003, “
Subsea Accumulators—Are They a False Reliance?
,” Paper No. IADC/SPE 79881.
6.
Stivers
,
G. S.
, 1972, “
Electro-Hydraulic Control Systems for Subsea Applications
,” Paper No. SPE 3762.
7.
Design In Sight, Torben Lenau, 1994–2003; http://www.designinsite.dk/htmsider/m1310.htmhttp://www.designinsite.dk/htmsider/m1310.htm, accessed October 23, 2005.
8.
Waram
,
T. C.
, 1993,
Actuator Design Using Shape Memory Alloys
,
T. C. Waram
,
Ontario, Canada
.
9.
Duerig
,
T. W.
,
Melton
,
K. N.
,
Stockel
,
D.
, and
Wayman
,
C. M.
, 1990
Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys
,
Butterworth
,
London
.
10.
Shih
,
C.-L.
,
Lai
,
B.-K.
,
Kahn
,
H.
, and
Heuer
,
A.
, 2001, “
A Robust Co-Sputtering Fabrication Procedure for NiTi Shape Memory Alloys for MEMS
,”
J. Microelectromech. Syst.
1057-7157,
10
(
1
), pp.
69
80
.
11.
SINTEF Petroleum Research, Detailed Study of Shape Memory Alloys in Oil Well Applications, 32.0924.00∕01∕99. Oslo, Norway.
12.
SINTEF Petroleum Research, Feasibility Study of Shape Memory Alloys in Oil Well Applications, 32.0896.00∕01∕97. Oslo, Norway.
13.
Ma
,
N.
,
Hu
,
Z. P.
,
Samuel
,
R.
,
Ehlig-Economides
,
C.
, and
Song
,
G.
, 2006, Design and Performance Evaluation of an Ultradeepwater Subsea Blowout Preventor Control System Using Shaping Memory Alloy Actuators, Paper No. SPE 101080.
14.
Shanks
,
E.
,
Dykes
,
A.
,
Quilici
,
M.
, and
Pruitt
,
J.
, 2003, “
Deepwater Bop Control Systems—A Look At Reliability Issues
” OTC 15194,
2003 Offshore Technology Conference
,
Houston, TX
, May 5–8.
You do not currently have access to this content.