A comprehensive procedure that combines mechanistic analysis and numerical simulation approaches is proposed to estimate the erosion in elbows for gas/liquid/sand particle multiphase flow systems. The erosion problem in multiphase flow is approximately transferred to one in single-phase flow by introducing the effective sand mass ratio and a representative single-phase flow to which a single-phase computational-fluid-dynamics-based erosion-prediction model can be applied. Erosion in elbows is calculated for various multiphase flow patterns and compared to experimental data in the literature. Reasonable agreement between the simulations and the literature data is observed. The proposed approach is an effective tool to estimate the erosion in multiphase flow.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
American Petroleum Institute
, 1991, API Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems
, API RP 14E, Fifth Edition, American Petroleum Institution
, Washington DC.2.
Salama
, M. M.
, and Venkatesh
, E.
, 1983, “Evaluation of Erosional Velocity Limitations in Offshore Gas Wells
,” 15th Annual OTC
, Houston, May 2-5, Paper No. 4485.3.
Salama
, M. M.
, 2000, “An Alternative to API 14E Erosional Velocity Limits for Sand Laden Fluids
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
0195-0738, 122
, pp. 71
–77
.4.
Shirazi
, S. A.
, McLaury
, B. S.
, Shadley
, J.
, and Rybick
,i E.
, 1995, “Generalization of the API RP 14E Guideline for Erosive Service
,” J. Pressure Vessel Technol.
0094-9930, 117
, pp. 45
–52
.5.
McLaury
, B. S.
, and Shirazi
, S. A.
, 2000, “Is API RP 14E Reliable for Predicting an Erosional Production Velocity when Sand Production is Anticipated?
” Proc. ETCE/OMAE Joint Conference
, New Orleans, Feb. 14-17, Paper No. ETCE00-PR054.6.
Forder
A.
, Thew
M.
, and Harrison
D.
, 1998, “Numerical Investigation of Solid Particle Erosion Experienced Within Oilfield Control Valve
,” Wear
0043-1648, 216
, pp. 184
–193
.7.
Edwards
, J. K.
, 2000, “Development, Validation, and Application of a Three-Dimensional, CFD-Based Erosion Prediction Procedure
,” Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Tulsa
, Tulsa, OK.8.
Keating
, A.
, and Nesic
, S.
, 2000, “Particle Tracking and Erosion Prediction in Three-Dimensional Bends
,” Proc. of ASME FED Summer Meeting
, Boston, June 11-15, ASME, New York, FEDSM2000-11249.9.
Fan
, J.
, Yao
X.
, and Cen
K.
, 2001, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a New Method for Protecting Bends From Erosion in Gas-Particle Flow
,” Wear
0043-1648, 251
, pp. 853
–960
.10.
Lee
, B. E.
, Tu
, J. Y.
, and Fletcher
, C. A. J.
, 2002, “On Numerical Modeling of Particle-Wall in Relation to Erosion Prediction: Eulerian Versus Lagrangian Method
,” Wear
0043-1648, 252
, pp. 179
–188
.11.
Wood
, R. J. K.
, Jones
, T. F.
, Ganeshalingam
, J.
, and Miles
, N. J.
, 2004, “Comparison of Predicted and Experimental Erosion Estimates in Slurry Ducts
,” Wear
0043-1648, 256
, pp. 937
–947
.12.
Chen
, X.
, McLaury
, B. S.
, and Shirazi
, S. A.
, 2004, “Application and Experimental Validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Based Erosion Prediction Model in Elbows and Plugged Tees
,” J. Comput. Fluids
, 33
, pp. 1251
–1272
.13.
Wang
, J.
, and Shirazi
, S. A.
, 2003, “A CFD Based Correlation for Erosion Factor for Long-Radius Elbows and Bends
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
0195-0738, 125
, pp. 26
–34
.14.
Blanchard
, D. J.
, Griffith
, P.
, and Rabinowicz
, E.
, 1984, “Erosion of a Pipe Bend by Solid Particles Entrained in Water
,” ASME J. Eng. Ind.
0022-0817, 106
, pp. 213
–217
.15.
Nasr-El-Din
, H.
, and Shook
, C. A.
, 1987, “Effect of a 90° Bend of Slurry Velocity and Concentration Distribution
,” J. Pipelines
0166-5324, 6
, pp. 113
–124
.16.
Mukhtar
, A.
, Singh
, S. N.
, and Seshadri
, V.
, 1995, “Pressure Drop in a Long Radius 90° Horizontal Bend for the Flow of Multisized Heterogeneous Slurries
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
0301-9322, 21
, pp. 329
–334
.17.
Mishra
, R.
, Singh
, S. N.
, and Seshadri
, V.
, 1998, “Study of Wear Characteristics and Solid Distribution in Constant Area and Erosion-Resistant Long-Radius Pipe Bends for the Flow of Multisized Particulate Slurries
,” Wear
0043-1648, 217
, pp. 297
–306
.18.
Bourgoyne
, A.
, 1989, “Experimental Study of Erosion in Diverter Systems Due to Sand Production
,” Proc. SPE/IADC-18716
, Louisiana, Feb. 28–March 3.19.
Svedeman
, S. J.
, and Arnold
, K. E.
, 1993, “Criteria for Sizing Multiphase Flow Lines for Erosive/Corrosive Service
,” 1993 APE Conference
, Houston, SPE Paper No. 26569.20.
Jordan
, K.
, 1998, “Erosion in Multiphase Production of Oil and Gas
,” CORROSION/98, NACE International Annual Conference
, San Antonio, NACE, Paper No. 58.21.
McLaury
, B. S.
, and Shirazi
, S. A.
, 1999, “Generalization of API RP 14E for Erosive Service in Multiphase Production
,” SPE ATCE: Production Operations and Engineering-General
, Houston, Oct 3–6.22.
Mazumder
, Q.
, Shirazi
, S. A.
, and McLaury
, B. S.
, 2004, “A Mechanistic Model to Predict Erosion in Multiphase Flow in Elbows Downstream of Vertical Pipes
,” NACE 2004 Conf.
, Louisiana, March 29–April 2, NACE Paper No. 04662.23.
Calay
, R. K.
, and Holdo
, A. E.
, 2003, “CFD Modeling of Multiphase Flow-An Overview
,” Proc. ASME Pressure Vessel Piping Division
, ASME, New York, ASME Paper No. PVP2003-1951.24.
Wilhelm
, C.
, 2001, “Sand Assessment of Goodwyn ‘A’ Flowlines, Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
,” 2001 SPE International Student Paper Contest, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
, New Orleans, Sep. 30–Oct. 3, 2001.25.
Barnea
, D.
, 1987, “A Unified Model for Predicting Flow-Pattern Transitions for the Whole Range of Pipe Inclinations
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
0301-9322, 13
, pp. 1
–12
.26.
Gomez
, L. E.
, Shoham
, O.
, Schmidt
, Z.
, and Chokshi
, R. N.
, 1999, “A Unified Mechanistic Model for Steady-State Two-Phase Flow in Wells and Pipelines
,” SPE J.
0036-1844, 56520
, pp. 307
–320
.27.
Taitel
, Y.
, Barnea
, D.
, and Dukler
, A. E.
, 1980, “Modeling Flow Pattern Transitions for Steady Upward Gas-Liquid Flow in Vertical Tubes
,” AIChE J.
0001-1541, 26
, pp. 345
–354
.28.
Xiao
, J. J.
, 1990, “A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines
,” M.S. thesis, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.29.
Zhang
, H.
, Wang
, Q.
, Sarica
, C.
, and Brill
, J.
, 2003, “Unified Model for Gas-Liquid Pipe Flow Via Slug Dynamics—Part 1: Model Development
,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
0195-0738, 125
, pp. 266
–273
.30.
Ansari
, A. M.
, Sylvester
, N. D.
, Sarica
, C.
, Shoham
, O.
, and Brill
, J. P.
, 1994, “A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Upward Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores
,” SPE Prod. Facil.
1064-668X, 20630
, pp. 143
–152
.31.
AEA Technology
, 2000, CFX-4.4 Solver
, Oxfordshire, UK.32.
Clift
, R.
, Grace
, J.
, and Weber
, M.
, 1978, Bubbles, Drops, and Particles
, Academic Press
, New York.33.
Grant
, G.
, and Tabakoff
, W.
, 1975, “Erosion Prediction in Turbomachinery Resulting From Environmental Solid Particles
,” J. Aircr.
0021-8669, 12
, pp. 471
–478
.34.
Ahlert
, K.
, 1994, “Effects of Particle Impingement Angle and Surface Wetting on Solid Particle Erosion of AISI 1018 Steel
,” M.S. thesis, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.35.
McLaury
, B. S.
, 1996, “Predicting Solid Particle Erosion Resulting From Turbulent Fluctuations in Oilfield Geometries
,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dep. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.36.
Hewitt
, G. F.
, and Hall-Taylor
, N. S.
, 1970, Annular Two-Phase Flow
, Pergamon, New York.37.
Ishii
, M.
, and Zuber
, N.
, 1979, “Drag Coefficient and Relative Velocity in Bubbly, Droplet, or Particulate Flows
,” AIChE J.
0001-1541, 25
, pp. 843
–855
.38.
Santos
, G.
, 2002, “Effect of Sand Distribution on Erosion and Correlation Between Acoustic Sand Monitor and Erosion Test in Annular Multiphase Flow
,” M.S. thesis, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.39.
Ishii
, M.
, and Mishima
, K.
, 1989, “Droplet Entrainment Correlation in Annular Two-Phase Flow
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310, 32
, pp. 1835
–1846
.40.
Wallis
, G. B.
, 1969, “One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow
,” McGraw-Hill
, New York.41.
Chen
, X.
, 2004, “Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Flow Simulation and Erosion Prediction in Single-Phase and Multiphase Flow
,” Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
