... of the polymer material, Fig. 3 ( c ). Therefore, the objective here is to identify the conditions for crack deflection. In reality, rough surfaces are random, and can only be characterized by statistical averages. In this case, the parameters, R , λ can be chosen as the mean values...

... is implemented by a compact apparatus using a computer controlled environmental chamber for real-time measurement. The method retains the simplicity of classical interferometry while providing wide applicability to dielectric rough surfaces. Roughness tolerance is achieved by utilizing a far infrared light (λ...