Fig. 1 Optical micrograph of Cu-B alloy: ( a ) 200X (inset presents Cu-B phase diagram) and ( b ) 1000X, respectively More about this image found in Optical micrograph of Cu-B alloy: ( a ) 200X (inset presents Cu-B phase dia...

Fig. 2 Microstructure of different boron decorated SAC157 solder before and after high temperature storage; label on the images what the components are ( a ) boron free, ( b ) 0.015 wt %, ( c )0.02 wt %, and ( d ) 0.025 wt % More about this image found in Microstructure of different boron decorated SAC157 solder before and after ...

Fig. 3 Elementary mapping of SAC-15B including SEM, primary β-Sn, eutectic phase and well-distributed boron More about this image found in Elementary mapping of SAC-15B including SEM, primary β-Sn, eutectic phase a...

Fig. 4 Scanning electron microscopy microstructure variety by introducing different contents of boron particles: ( a )boron free, ( b )0.015 wt %, ( c ) 0.02 wt %, and ( d ) 0.025 wt %. ( a ) SAC157, ( b ) SAC-15B, ( c ) SAC-20B, and ( d ) SAC-25B. More about this image found in Scanning electron microscopy microstructure variety by introducing differen...

Fig. 5 Comparison of different concentration of boron decoration into SAC solder: ( a ) Vickers microhardness of eutectic phase and ( b ) bulk hardness after thermal storage, respectively More about this image found in Comparison of different concentration of boron decoration into SAC solder: ...

Fig. 6 Intermetallic compound morphology in solder joint after HTS More about this image found in Intermetallic compound morphology in solder joint after HTS

Fig. 7 Intermetallic compound thickness and roughness related to boron concentration and HTS conditions (150 °C at 100 h and 225 h) More about this image found in Intermetallic compound thickness and roughness related to boron concentrati...

Fig. 8 Determination of average grain size in boron decorated SAC samples by ASTM E112 definition More about this image found in Determination of average grain size in boron decorated SAC samples by ASTM ...

Fig. 9 Shear strength curves for different solder samples More about this image found in Shear strength curves for different solder samples

Fig. 10 Morphology of fracture surface: ( a ) SAC157, ( b ) SAC-15B, ( c ) SAC-20B, and ( d ) SAC-25B. In the inset, redand white dash lines denote as individual solder before shear fracture and after shear fracture, respectively. (Color version online). More about this image found in Morphology of fracture surface: ( a ) SAC157, ( b ) SAC-15B, ( c ) SAC-20B,...

Fig. 1 Problem geometry More about this image found in Problem geometry

Fig. 2 Computational domain with the meshes used in mesh sensitivity study. Insets show the close-up view of the meshes from the coarsest (M0) to the finest (M4). Mid-cross sections at the lower and upper tubes show the lines where the flow rate is calculated for the liquid phase and two-phase mix... More about this image found in Computational domain with the meshes used in mesh sensitivity study. Insets...

Fig. 3 Sensitivity of evaporator temperature ( T MP 1 ) to the mesh More about this image found in Sensitivity of evaporator temperature ( T MP 1 ) to...

Fig. 4 Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), ( b ) average fluid temperature ( T f av ), ( c ) peak pressure ( p max ), and ( d )mass flow rate ( m ˙ ) to the time-step selection, with the flow regime fixed at turbulent.... More about this image found in Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), (...

Fig. 5 Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), ( b ) average fluid temperature ( T f av ), ( c ) peak pressure ( p max ), and ( d )mass flow rate ( m ˙ ) to the flow regime, with the time-step fixed at t s  ... More about this image found in Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), (...

Fig. 6 Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), ( b ) average fluid temperature ( T f av ), ( c ) peak pressure ( p max ), and ( d )mass flow rate ( m ˙ ) to the selection of the ratio of the mass relaxation coefficients ( ... More about this image found in Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), (...

Fig. 7 Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), ( b ) average fluid temperature ( T f av ), ( c ) peak pressure ( p max ), and ( d ) mass flow rate ( m ˙ ) to the magnitude of the mass relaxation coefficients, while the rat... More about this image found in Sensitivity of ( a ) numerical fluid mass change ( Δ m f ), (...