The results of wetting experiments between eutectic lead-tin solder and copper pads on silicon substrates in geometries relevant to flip-chip applications are presented. Measurements of solder joint dimensions, specifically stand-off height and lateral offset (i.e., misalignment), as functions of the applied force (normal and shear), solder volume and pad diameter are presented. The experimentally-measured force-displacement relationships are compared with predictions obtained from the minimum energy model of the Surface Evolver computer code. For the case of the axisymmetric joint (zero shear) an exact solution to the capillary equations is also presented. The comparison of experimental and modeling results indicates that such models are accurate as well as extremely sensitive means for predicting the geometry of these solder joints.
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September 2002
Technical Papers
Misaligned Flip-Chip Solder Joints: Prediction and Experimental Determination of Force-Displacement Curves
D. Josell,
D. Josell
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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W. E. Wallace,
W. E. Wallace
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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J. A. Warren,
J. A. Warren
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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D. Wheeler,
D. Wheeler
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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A. C. Powell, IV
A. C. Powell, IV
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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D. Josell
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
W. E. Wallace
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
J. A. Warren
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
D. Wheeler
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
A. C. Powell, IV
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
Contributed by the Electronic and Photonic Packaging Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING. Manuscript received by the EPPD December 19, 2000. Associate Editor: S. M. Heinrich.
J. Electron. Packag. Sep 2002, 124(3): 227-233 (7 pages)
Published Online: July 26, 2002
Article history
Received:
December 19, 2000
Online:
July 26, 2002
Citation
Josell , D., Wallace , W. E., Warren , J. A., Wheeler, D., and Powell, A. C., IV (July 26, 2002). "Misaligned Flip-Chip Solder Joints: Prediction and Experimental Determination of Force-Displacement Curves ." ASME. J. Electron. Packag. September 2002; 124(3): 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1463732
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