...Meisam Takalloozadeh; Gil ho Yoon The creep phenomenon has enormous effect on the stress and displacement distribution in the structures. Redistribution of the stress field is one of these effects which is called stress relaxation. The importance of stress relaxation in the design of structures...

.... It is shown using the linear IRW equations that since a constant forward speed is assumed for IRW, the longitudinal slip can occur due to the change in the wheel rolling radius. This leads to longitudinal creep forces even in the case of IRW and it contributes to a coupling of the lateral, yaw, and pitch...

...Ali Afshari; Ahmed A. Shabana In some of the wheel/rail creep theories used in railroad vehicle simulations, the direction of the tangential creep forces is assumed to be the wheel rolling direction (RD). When the Hertz theory is used, an assumption is made that the rolling direction...

... presented in this study shows that, in the general case of a spiral, the profile frames of the right and left rails that have zero yaw angles with respect to the track frame have different orientations. As a consequence, the longitudinal tangential creep forces acting on the right and left wheels...

... and lateral creep forces as well as the spin moment. The errors in the lateral and vertical forces that enter into the calculations of the L ∕ V ratio as the result of using the linearized model are found to be significant and reported in Sec. 6 . These results shed light on the significant effect...