... substrate is difficult to investigate by using classical terra-mechanics due to sharp edge contact. Recent studies have shown that a continuum simulation can serve as an accurate tool for simulating dynamic interactions with granular material at laboratory and field scales. Spurred by this, a computational...

... widely-used theoretical models to generalize these experimental results to arbitrary contact situations. granular material contact behavior dynamic loading elasto-plastic behavior split Hopkinson pressure bar The contact force-displacement relation (or “contact law”), which describes...